Ethiopia

1
Ethiopia

• Susan Ahn
• Kimberly Moss
• Rachael Huang
• Yukiko Isoya

2
Introduction

• Location
• Eastern Africa
• Surrounded by
• Somalia
• Kenya
• Sudan
• Djibouti
• Eritrea

3
Geography

• Total Area 435,071 square miles
• (About twice the size of Texas)
• Mostly mountainous landscape
• (Central Plateau - average altitude of 2,000 m)
• Several rivers, No coastline
• Climate similar to San Francisco
• Capital Addis Ababa

4
Demographics

• Population
• 70 million (approx.)
• Religion
• Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity
• Islam

5
Demographics

• Language 80 types
• Amharic (official)
• Tribal Business
• Oromo English
• Tigrigna French
• Somaligna Italian
• Literacy rate 32.7

6
Economy

• Natural Resources small reserves of gold,
  platinum, copper, natural gas, hydropower
• Main export Arabica Coffee

7
Tej Ethiopian Honey Wine

• Honey wine Mead
• 13.9 alcohol
• Flavored with gesho
• No sulfite because of
• natural anti-oxidants and
• high alcoholic content
• Safest beverage since no
• microorganisms can grow
• Similar to dry Riesling

8
Core food

• Bread called injera
• -made from teff
• Breadreciprocity or household hospitality
• Stew
• with meat
• with vegetables
• with spices (berbere)

9
Core food

• Wat Ethiopian Stew
• Usually eaten with injera
• Typical core dish injera with wat

10
Core food

• Types of Wat
• Doro wat chicken stew
• Shiro wat vegetable stew
• Sik Sik wat beef stew

11
Berbere

• Combination of spices
• Red chili pepper, ginger, cloves, coriander, rue
  berries, and ajwain (bishops weed)
• Varies from home to home
• Prepared by the chef, the woman of the house

12
Secondary Peripheral food

• Egg (boiled)
• Legume
• Ginger
• Lean part of beef (Kitfo)

• Sea food
• Fruit
• Raw beef
• (For special event such as wedding)
• Dabo Kalo- spicy and crunchy Snack

13
About typical Meal

• 3 meals a day
• Breakfast is simple and light
• Typically breakfast starts at 8 am
• Lunch and dinner are similar to each other
• Meal times vary among families and regions

14
About Ethiopian meal

• Women are mainly responsible for domestic
  activities-cooking, cleaning
• Food is prepared in the kitchen
• Cooking method-simmering for stew, frying for
  bread, boiling
• Eaten in the dinning room
• Only use right hand, no forks or knives

15
Meal, all about sharing

• Strong relationship in family
• Share food from one mesob
• At a restaurant, guests can be invited and share
  food immediately

16
Table appointment

• Traditional table mesob

17
Table appointment

• In some westernized restaurants, napkins and
  salt/pepper are on the wooden table with
  modernized mesob

18
Cultural Etiquette

• Wash hands before a meal
• Typically guests or elderly person initiate
  eating
• Reaching over to the other side of the mesob is
  impolite, you should only take from the injera in
  front of you
• Leaving some leftover is polite
• Conversation during meal is polite, completely
  concentrating on the meal is impolite
• When elderly person or guest enters a room, stand
  still until that person is seated
• Dont bite into half portions.
• Take the amount you can put into your mouth at
  one time

19
Ethiopian Coffee Ceremony

• Performed three times a day--morning, noon, and
  evening
• The ceremony can take a couple of hours
• It is a time for everyone to catch up on the
  happenings of the community

20
Ethiopian Coffee Ceremony

• Beans are washed in a hot pan
• The husks are removed
• Coffee beans are roasted and ground slowly with a
  long handled mortar and pestle
• Coffee grounds are placed in the Jebena
• The coffee is filtered through a sieve several
  times

21
Ethiopian Coffee Ceremony

• The coffee is served to the oldest person
• Each person is expected to have three cups
• Abol
• Tona
• Baraka
• The third cup is believed to bestow a blessing

22
Religions

• 45-50 Islam
• Wine is not allowed
• 35-40 Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity
• Wineblood of Christ
• Breadbody of Christ
• 12 Animist
• 3-8 traditional faiths
• Judaism is not prevalent due to the evacuation in
  1984 1991

23
Taboos

• Pork
• Shellfish
• Omnivores
• Carnivores
• Blood
• Animals not slaughtered according to Kashrut or
  Halal Guidelines

24
Holidays

• Fasting
• Ramadan
• 55 days of Lent which ends with Easter or
  Fasika

Meat Dairy products are not served
25
Holidays

• Meskel
• True finding of the cross by Empress Helena
• Ethiopia stills harbors a piece of the cross
• Serve goat and tea

26
Holidays

• Timkat
• Three-day event beginning on the eve of Timkat
• 1st colorful processions
• 2nd Jesus Baptism in the Jordan River
• 3rd feast in celebration of St. Michael
• Serve tej, tella, bread and sheep

27
Therapeutic Uses

• Dingetegna alleviate multi-symptom sudden
  illnesses sudden pain symptoms, especially
  those of the gastro-intestinal origin
• The roots are chewed and the juices swallowed

28
Therapeutic Uses

• Oat Meal beverage
• Mixed with honey or sugar and butter
• Consumed by
• Pregnant women
• Women in labor
• Individuals recuperating from all kinds of
  illnesses

29
Ethiopian in Bay Area
30
Ethiopian in CA

• California - second largest State that has the
  most Ethiopians
• Granted asylum, refugees, or Diversity Visa
  lottery winners
• Los Angeles and Bay Area in California

31
Ethiopian in Bay Area

• Oakland has the greatest Ethiopian population
• More than 40,000 Ethiopian residents in and
  around Oakland

32
Why choose Oakland

• Oakland government welcomes Ethiopians with open
  arms
• Oakland government highly respects Ethiopians in
  Oakland
• Oakland Hills is going to build the largest
  Ethiopian Orthodox Church

33

• Recognizes Ethiopian culture and cuisine
• Praises the contributions of the Ethiopian
  Community and Cultural Center
• Recognizes Telegraph Ave. as the Ethiopian
  market place
• Declares September 11, 2004 as the Ethiopian Day
• (same as Ethiopian New Years Day)

34
Why choose Oakland

• Two great Ethiopian communities in Oakland
• Ethiopian Community Center
• Ethiopian Community Cultural Center

35
Why choose Oakland

• Mission of the communities
• Providing Charitable services
• Assisting Ethiopian immigrants
• Advancing the interests of the Ethiopian
  Community in the Bay Area and throughout the
  United States of America
• Promoting and advancing communication and
  understanding among Ethiopians and Americans, and
  all other communities
• Enhancing and Promoting Ethiopian Culture

36
Telegraph Avenue

• Ethiopian-owned businesses
• -five restaurants
• -two travel agencies
• -two hair salons
• -two cafes
• -four realtors

37
Ethiopia Saudi Arabia

• Similarities
• No pork
• Staple food is bread
• Drinking beverage as communal experience
• Ethiopia coffee
• Saudi Arabia - tea

• Differences
• Religion
• Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity vs. Islam
• Alcoholic consumption
• Ethiopia honey wine and other spirits!
• Saudi Arabia No alcohol

38
Ethiopia Iran

• Differences
• Staple food
• Ethiopia injera
• Iran - rice

• Similarities
• Core food eat with vegetable and meat
• Eat food with the fingers of their right hand
• Pork is forbidden

39
Ethiopia
Turkey

• Similarities
• Coffee has long history and kind of custom
• Spices and seasonings is mixed in most cuisine
• Islamic countries, food taboos are similar

• Differences
• Various selections of fruit juices
• Produces a lot of wine, mainly for export
• Meats such as lamb, chicken and beef are usually
  cut up and served as a kebab

40
Pakistan
Ethiopia

• Similarities
• Heavy use of spices and herbs, vegetables
• Influenced by Islam, eating pork is not allowed,
  lamb, beef, fish and chicken is basic food

• Differences
• Among dairy products, Pakistani milk is popular.
• Influenced by the Emperor of Pakistan, Pakistan
  cookery has developed a lot.
• Decorations of cuisine, mixed with fruits and
  seasonings are popular

41
Ethiopia Morocco

• Similarities
• Food is spicy
• Beef consumption

• Differences
• Main industry
• Ethiopia coffee export
• Morocco phosphate mining
• Beverages
• Ethiopia coffee
• Morocco tea
• Wines
• Ethiopia honey
• Morocco - grapes

42
Questions

• 1. From what grain is Injera, the traditional
  Ethiopian food, is made?
• a. Teff
• 2. What is a European version of stew in
  Ethiopia?
• c. Wat
• 3. What food is forbidden in Ethiopia?
• e. a and c
• 4. Is it polite to leave some leftover in
  Ethiopian table?
• a. True

43
Questions

• 5. What is the name of the Ethiopian honey wine?
• b. Tej
• 6. Ethiopias climate is similar to San Francisco
• a. True
• 7. The main export of Ethiopia is
• c. Coffee
• 8. Ethiopia Day was declared on
• c. Sept. 11th, 2004

44
Questions

• 9. Which city in bay area has most Ethiopia
  population?
• a. Oakland
• 10. Which is the famous Ethiopian market place in
  the city that has most Ethiopian?
• a. Telegraph Avenue
• 11. Ethiopian Community Center and Ethiopian
  Community Cultural Center are the two
  Ethiopian community centers in Oakland.
• a. True
• 12. Where is Ethiopia community going to build
  the largest Ethiopian Orthodox Church?
• a. Oakland Hills

45
Questions

• 13. The most important Ethiopian holiday is ?
• d. Timkat
• 14. The coffee ceremony is performed three times
  a day in most of Ethiopia.
• a. True
• 15. Ethiopia is believe to have a piece of the
  cross on which Jesus Christ was sacrificed.
• a. True

46
Thank you!