First half

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First half
First half
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Mysteries to Behold in the Dark Down Deep
Seadevils and Species Unknown
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Standings

• Bay Area
• Berkeley Bowlers 6
• San Jose Bush Babies 4
• Lafayette Diablos 4
• San Francisco Huskies 4
• Oakland Bombers 3

• Pacific Rim
• Sac Planetiers (1) 10
• Hawaii T.huggers 5
• Alaska Drillers 3
• Sonoma Whiners 2
• Martinez Muirs 2

• So Cal
• Snta Barb Green 7
• Ventura Squid 6
• SLO Moes 4
• SD Explorers 3
• LA Ducts 2

Term paper Today sonoma, berkeley, LA Next
Friday Sac, Oakland, SD Then Martinez, San
Jose, SLO
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Second half
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SUSTAINED MAXIMUM YIELD (SMY)2. Harvest a
constant proportion
Population Growth Rate, or Harvest Rate
Population Size
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The New Era of Fishingfrom species to ecosystems
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Marine Sanctuaries An alternative approach to
restricted access

• Marine Management Areas
• Closed Areas
• Sensitive Sea Areas (eg, coral reefs)
• Marine Sanctuaries
• Integrated Management Areas
• Marine Biosphere Reserves

Agardy, T.S. 1997. Marine Protected Areas and
Ocean Conservation.EIU.
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Case StudyPhilippine Coral Reef Sanctuaries

• Apo and Sumilon marine reserves were established
  in the mid 1970s
• Community support has been strong and consistent
  at Apo
• Community based management
• Community support has fluctuated and enforcement
  variable at Sumilon

Russ and Alcala. 1999. Coral Reefs 18307-319.
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Philippine Islands
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Sumilon1973-1998

• The community, 2 towns on nearby islands, set the
  rules with University help
• In 1980 new mayors were elected with ties to
  commercial fishing on the basis of giving the
  island back to fishermen
• The national government took control of
  management in 1980.
• Enforcement has varied through time

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Apo1976-1998

• The community set the rules
• The community enforces the rules
• The community is on the island
• The community understands that maintaining the
  reef helps everyone

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Results SUMILON APO
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Akala Russ. 2006. Ambio. 35.
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Community-based Conservation
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Global Assessment of Marine Reserves

• 1306 marine reserves world-wide
• 80 million hectares (160 mil acres)
• 50 of the area is encompassed by 3
• Galapagos, Great Barrier Reef, North Sea
• Management known for only 383 (29)
• 70 had low to moderate management effectiveness
• 117 had levels of protection classified as high
• (Kelleher et al. 1995. World Bank.)

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Kenya, Tanzania, Mozambique 8.7, 8.1, 4.0
protected, respectively Commitments to achieve
10 targets are in place. Focus now is on
improving management
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Fishing Permanently Banned Around the Channel
Islands A reserve, encompassing 175 square
miles, takes effect Jan. 1 and is one of the
largest in the U.S.
2003
SANTA BARBARA -- The California Fish and Game
Commission on Wednesday permanently banned
fishing from 175 square miles of ocean around the
Channel Islands, approving one of the largest
marine reserves in U.S. waters.The decision
culminated four years of scientific and public
study and debate over the wisdom of substituting
traditional fishing restrictions, such as size
and catch limits on selected fish, with a reserve
system that protects all forms of marine
life."California once again is in the vanguard
of environmental protection," said Fish and Game
Commissioner Bob Hattoy. "This is good for the
fish, good for the fishermen and good for future
generations."Hundreds of angry,
placard-carrying fishermen said the decision
would cut into their livelihoods as well as put
some of their favorite fishing grounds off
limits."We pay a lot of dollars in fishing
license fees to the Department of Fish and Game
for the management of fisheries," said Tom
Raftican, president of United Anglers of Southern
California. "I have a very difficult time paying
for an area I cannot fish."
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Linear Policy chain
Pearson Scientific
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Environmental Policy looks more like this
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Windows of opportunity

• California floods of 1998.
• Katrina
• San Diego fires

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Windows of opportunity for innovative policy
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Climate change window of opportunity?

• More people aware of the problem than ever before
• Inconvenient Truth
• Wins Oscar
• Wins Nobel.
• IPCC 4th assessment Nov. 7th
• COP-13, Bali, Dec. 3-14
• NPR-climate connections and other such media
  coverage

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Wrapping up

• Mid-term issues
• 30 T/F, MC questions 3 points each
• 10 points short answer
• -3 points for failing to fill in name, id
• Term papers (set 1).
• Literature cited