Lt Col Maxie Thom, USAF

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• Lt Col Maxie Thom, USAF
• National Defense Fellow
• Visiting Air Force Researcher
• University Park Campus, DM 434C
• [phone]
• thomm_at_fiu.edu

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Information Warfare

• Capabilities and Policy Issues

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Agenda

• Define IW
• Capabilities
• Policy Issues

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Definition

• It is Not
• Hacking into a school computer
• Denial of service attack against e-commerce
• It is
• DoD Technical View of IW information itself
  is now a realm, a weapon, and a target

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Working Definition

• Information warfare is comprised of operations
  directed against information in any form,
  transmitted over any media, including operations
  against information content, its supporting
  systems and software, the physical hardware
  device that stores the data or instructions, and
  also human practices and perceptions

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Information Operations (IO)

• Military Information Warfare
• IO is conducted during time of crisis or conflict
  to affect adversary information and information
  systems while defending one's own information and
  systems

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History

• ". . . attaining one hundred victories in one
  hundred battles is not the pinnacle of
  excellence. Subjugating the enemy's army without
  fighting is the true pinnacle of excellence."
• Sun Tzu, The
  Art of War

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History

• "There are but two powers in the world, the
  sword and the mind. In the long run the sword is
  always beaten by the mind."
• Napoleon
  Bonaparte

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Core Capabilities

• Psychological Operations (PSYOPS)
• Military Deception (MILDEC)
• Operations Security (OPSEC)
• Computer Network Operations (CNO)
• Electronic Warfare (EW)

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PSYOPS

• Definition Planned operations to convey
  selected information and indicators to foreign
  audiences to influence their emotions, motives,
  objective reasoning, and ultimately the behavior
  of foreign governments, organizations, groups,
  and individuals.
• Purpose Induce or reinforce foreign attitudes
  and behavior favorable to the originator's
  objectives.

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PSYOP (Weapons)

• Email, Faxes, Cell phones
• Encouraged Iraqi leaders to abandon support
• Broadcast
• Encouraged fielded troops to not fight
• Leaflets
• Variety of themes

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MILDEC

• Definition Actions executed to deliberately
  mislead adversary military decision makers with
  regard to friendly military capabilities,
  intentions, and operations, thereby causing the
  adversary to take specific actions (or inactions)
  that will contribute to the success of the
  friendly military operation.
• Purpose Guide an enemy into making mistakes by
  presenting false information, images, or
  statements

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MILDEC (Weapons)

• Operations
• MINCEMEAT The Man That Never Was
• Camouflage
• Mockups Aircraft on a stick
• Electronic
• Tactical Air Launched Decoy (TALD)

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OPSEC

• The formation and procedure used by the military
  should not be divulged beforehand.
• Sun Tzu, The Art of War

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OPSEC (Definition)

• A process of identifying and analyzing
  information that is critical to friendly
  operations
• (a) identify which information can be observed
  by adversary intelligence systems
• (b) determine indicators that hostile
  intelligence systems might piece together to
  derive critical information in time to be useful
  to adversaries,
• (c) select and execute measures that eliminate
  or reduce the vulnerability of friendly actions
  to adversary exploitation.

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CNO

• The ability to attack and disrupt enemy computer
  networks, protect military information systems,
  and exploit enemy computer networks through
  intelligence collection.
• CNA
• CND
• CNE

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CNO (CNA)

• Operations conducted to disrupt, deny, degrade,
  or destroy information resident in computers and
  computer networks, or the computers and networks
  themselves.
• Viruses
• Trojan Horses

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CNO (CND)

• Protect and defend information,
  computers, and networks from nasty Ds
• It utilizes security measures to keep the enemy
  from learning about U.S. military capabilities
  and intentions.
• Includes actions taken to protect, monitor,
  analyze, detect and respond to unauthorized
  activity within DOD information systems and
  networks.
• CND focuses on detecting or stopping intrusions,
  whereas OPSEC focuses on identifying and reducing
  vulnerabilities
• Firewalls - Encryption

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EW

• Any military action involving the use of
  electromagnetic (EM) or directed energy to
  manipulate the EM spectrum or to attack an
  adversary
• Jamming
• TALD
• Stealth (RAM)
• High Power Microwave (HPM)

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CNA vs. EW

• CNA relies on interpreted signals in a data
  stream to execute an attack

EW relies more on the power of electromagnetic
energy
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• QUESTIONS
• ??????????

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Implications

• Policy
• Law

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Policy Issues

• NSPD 16 (classified)Jul 2002
• PSYOP that affect friendly nations
• National Security Vulnerability of dependency
• Legal issues resulting from use of cyberweapons

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Law of Armed Conflict

• The LOAC arises from a desire among civilized
  nations to prevent unnecessary suffering and
  destruction while not impeding the effective
  waging of war. A part of public international law
  (precedence), LOAC regulates the conduct of armed
  hostilities. It also aims to protect civilians,
  prisoners of war, the wounded, sick, and
  shipwrecked. LOAC applies to international armed
  conflicts and in the conduct of military
  operations and related activities in armed
  conflict, however such conflicts are
  characterized.
• - Hot Pursuit - Self Defense

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K-Site Airfield
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Prior to Assembly
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After Assembly
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Flat Dummy
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TALD
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• QUESTIONS
• ??????????