Dr. Mujuru

1
Group 6
Epidemiology and Physiology of the Heart in Type
2 Diabetes

• Dr. Mujuru
• Mr. Bob Bishop
• Amanda Lilley

2
Physiology and Anatomy of the Heart

• Blood returning to the body is sent to the right
  side of the heart and then to the lungs to pick
  up oxygen an release carbon dioxide. Finally the
  blood containing the oxygen is sent to the left
  side of the heart and then spread to the rest of
  the body.

3
Exercise Experiments

• Exercise Bike
• Heat Exposure Experiment
• Cold Exposure Experiment
• Plethysmograph Experiment (A very complicated
  device that you stick on the end of your finger
  and it measures the blood flow that goes through
  the body.)

4
Exercise Bike and ECG

• First, we put ECG pads on our wrist and ankles
  and then hooked the wires onto them.
• Then, we had five different trials that we
  performed. 1.Resting 2.Warm-up 3.Exercise 4.
  Cool-down 5.Resting

5
Bike Heart Rate
6
Cold Exposure Experiment

• We then tested if ice packs would slow down our
  pulse. We put the ECG equipment back on and put
  the plethysmograph on our finger.
• We started at room temperature, then put the ice
  pack on, and finally a recovery time, each
  lasting two minutes.

7
Cold Experiment Graph
8
Heat Exposure Experiment

• For this experiment, we heated up the heating pad
  while we had to put on the ECG equipment again.
  We looked to see if heat would raise are heart
  rate.
• We started at room temperature, then put the
  heating pad on the opposite arm than the cold
  pack, and finally having a recovery time, each
  lasting two minutes.

9
Heat Experiment Graph
10
Analysis and Results

• When we did the bike experiment, we found that
  the faster we peddled, the faster our pulse was,
  and when we peddled slow or not at all, our pulse
  slowed and stay consistent.
• When we tested how temperature effected blood
  flow, we found that applied heat will increase
  blood flow. Also, we found that applied cold
  packs will decrease blow flow.

11
Competition Activities

• In this activity, we broke up into two groups,
  Group A and the Blue Barracudas, and our teachers
  gave us questions to answer in a certain amount
  of time. The winning team would receive a prize.

12
What factors can effect blood pressure and heart
rate?

• Stress
• Diet/what you eat
• Temperatures
• Weight
• Diabetes
• Intensity of exercise
• Smoking
• Drinking
• Drugs
• Height

13
What are uses of a pedometer and the advantages
of walking?

• Uses of a pedometer
• Count steps
• Conduct experiments
• Track miles
• Tell time
• Counts calories

• Advantages of walking
• Healthier lifestyle
• Lose weight
• Emotional release
• Physical release
• Stress reliever
• Cuts down pollution
• Takes you places
• Strengthens the cardiovascular system
• Better lung capacity
• Builds muscle
• Cuts down use of natural resources

14
What does ECG mean, When do you use it, Why is
it used?

• ECG means electrocardiogram.
• You would use an ECG to monitor a patient's heart
  rate and electrical activity.
• It is used to tell if a patient is having a heart
  attack or a heart murmur.

15
What factors lead to CVDs and What is the
relationship between diabetes and CVDs?

• Gender
• Age
• Heredity
• Smoking
• Insulin Resistance
• Obesity
• Elevated Pulse
• High Blood Pressure
• Physical Inactivity
• Depression
• Stress

• Diabetes is the build up of sugar. If you work
  your cardiovascular system it burns off the
  excess sugar and works your cardiovascular
  system. Leaving susceptible to both
  cardiovascular disease and diabetes.

16
What environmental factors put stress on the
heart and How can you protect yourself?

• Extreme Heat
• The heat can make your heart beat faster putting
  strain on your heart.
• You can protect yourself by staying out of the
  heat and drinking a lot of water. Wear cool
  clothing when in the heat will help.

• Extreme Cold
• When it is cold will slow the heart causing less
  blood flow which oxygen will not get to the rest
  of your body.
• You can protect yourself by covering exposed body
  parts and wear clothes in layers.

17
Case Study of Heart Attack Victim

• A 50-year-old 210-pound white male insurance
  agent whose height is 59 was preparing for a
  summer weekend barbecue.
• He was about half way through mowing the lawn
  when he experienced some mild chest pain. He
  assumed that it was just heartburn since he had
  rushed through his usual breakfast of bacon, eggs
  and biscuits.
• After going inside and resting on the couch, he
  felt much better and decided to watch a baseball
  game on television.
• He had polished off 2 beers and most of a pack of
  cigarettes before the guests started arriving.
• His mother and sister arrived as well as his
  older brother who bored everybody with the
  details of his recent angioplasty procedure. His
  father died of a heart attack at the age of 55.
• After an afternoon of fun and plenty of steak and
  beer, his chest pain returned. This time the pain
  was more severe and radiated to his left arm and
  neck. He became very anxious so his wife rushed
  him to the emergency room.
• A physician ordered blood drawn for tests and
  administered a vasodilator.
• His blood pressure was 125/80 and his heart rate
  was 60 beats/minute and regular. His chest pain
  was subsiding. An ECG showed ST segment elevation
  that was then absent on a second ECG repeated
  later in the day. A coronary arteriogram revealed
  60 obstruction of his right coronary artery and
  80 obstruction of a small branch of his left
  coronary artery.

18
Modifiable Risk Factors

• Alcohol and drinking it after being in the sun.
• Drinking habits.
• Smoking habits.
• Diet.
• Weight.
• Exercise.
• Stress Level.
• Job.

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Non-Modifiable Risk Factors

• Age
• Height
• Gender
• Family Medical History

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Symptoms

• Mild chest pains.
• Severe pain that ran from the left arm and neck.
• Anxiousness.
• The pain would subside after rest.

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Diagnosis

• Mild Heart Attack

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Treatment

• Hospitalization
• Change diet
• Eliminate alcohol and tobacco
• Relaxation

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Prognosis

• He still has a high risk of getting a
  Cardiovascular Disease.
• He could have another heart attack however, with
  the change of his diet, smoking and drinking, and
  exercising habits he could survive and live a
  longer life.

24
Other Activities

• Cadaver Lab
• Ethics - Wacko Schmidt Whine
• Summary of Camp outside of Classes

25
Cadaver Lab

• On Wednesday, we got to experience WVUs cadaver
  lab. Basically, a lab full of dead bodies.
  However, it wasnt as gross as it sounds.
  Actually, it was really interesting. We
  privileged enough to hold a heart and a lung. We
  found out that the cadaver lab was a great way to
  learn, hands-on, about the anatomy of a human.

26
Ethics of Wacko Schmidt Whine

• Wacko Schmidt Whine had a very different
  approach to learning. It was exciting, but Cathy
  and Jenny may have played their roles a little to
  well. They really made us feel as if they were in
  a real clinic trial gone bad. They did everything
  opposite of how a real case study should go just
  to teach us how to be careful when it comes to
  new drugs and case studies. I have to say I dont
  ever want to be put in the position Cathy and
  Jenny put us in again.

27
Summary of Activities outside of Classes

• Other than labs and classes, camp all around was
  fun. Meeting new people, being put in a college
  atmosphere, and sleeping in dorms was all an
  different experience. Although all of that is
  nice we got to enjoy some fun things too. We were
  allowed to go to the rec. center were we could
  swim, play basketball, ping pong, or just hang
  out with your friends. Another afternoon activity
  was game and movie night were some would watch
  movies and some would play games. A lot of the
  fun though was just when we had are own free
  time. When we could just sit and hang with
  everybody and really get to know them.