FROM PEARL TO MIDWAY

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FROM PEARL TO MIDWAY
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• PEARL ATTACKED 7 DEC. 1941
• MAJOR FLEET DAMAGE
• CARRIERS SAFELY AWAY FROM HARBOR
• NO THIRD WAVE
• PISSED OFF NATION

• PEARL WAS NOT ALONE IN BEING A JAPANESE TARGET
• THE WAVE OF THE EAST ASIA COPROSPERITY  SPHERE

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Guam

• Isolated American outpost
• 150 Marines and a few assorted Naval personnel
• Japanese 18th Naval Air Unit
• No artillery, only a few machine guns, and
  virtually no shelter
• Fighting bravely they held Guam

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JAPANESE REIGN SUPREME

• 10 December more than 6,000 Japanese Rikusentai
  (marines) landed on the island of Guam. 
• The 150 American Marines and 600 Navy defenders
  were quickly forced to surrender. 
• It was the first American soil to fall into the
  hands of the Japanese.

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MIDWAY

• SHELLED HEAVILY BY RETURN FLEET OF YAMAMOTO
• ISLAND IS NOT TAKEN ONLY BEATEN
• 1ST MEDAL OF HONOR FOR A MARINE IS WON ON THIS
  DAY BY 1ST Lieutenant George Cannon

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Wake Island

• Major James P. S. Devereux commanded 400 Marines
• Actually 3 small islands
• Air raids by Japanese destroyed US Wildcats in
  the air and on the ground
• The 400 Marines fought like devils for the island
• In 3 days Japanese forces would arrive in full
  and finish the job

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Wake Island

• 400 Marines and their 4-plane air force.
• REPEALED A LANDING ASSUALT
• "Send us more Japs!"
• BUT WAKE WILL FALL BY END OF THE DAY ON DEC. 22

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PHILLIPPINE ISLANDS

• December 8, 1941 AIR ATTACK BY JAPANESE
• The Japanese struck Wake, Midway, Guam, Manila,
  and Singapore.
• Between December 10th and 22nd, more than 56,000
  troops under the command of Lt. General Masaharu
  Homma landed on Luzon in the Philippines

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General Douglas Macarthur

• Supreme Commander of Allied Forces in the South
  West Pacific
• "Dugout Doug"
• I Shall Return

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Macarthur's"Pearl Harbor"

• 7,000 Philippine Islands
• Under American control since the Spanish-American
  War
• Westernmost American outpost

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• US forces under Macarthur were under 25,000 men
• ill-equipped and unprepared for combat
• Macarthur's FEAAF was based around Manila
• 100 P-40 and P-35 fighters
• 35 new Boeing B-17 bombers

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Rainbow Five

• Attacks on Philippines
• Del Monte and Clark Fields
• American air power in the South Pacific had been
  reduced to half.

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"This force is bound for Tokyo." 
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FALL OF THE PHILLIPPINES

• January 1, 1942, Manila fell
• Bataan Peninsula forces under America's oldest
  active-duty general, 59-year-old Jonathan
  Wainwright struggled to survive
• Leaders are evecuated

• On January 25 the Japanese invaded the Solomon
  Islands. 
• --On February 15 Singapore fell.  

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• General MacArthur remained with his wife and 3
  year old son on Corregidor.
• But he is order by Roosevelt and Marshall to
  leave
• NO COWARD
• 6 silver stars
• Refused Medal of Honor
• Complexity of his removal to Melbourne

• An entire destroyer division was immediately
  dispatched to prevent Macarthur's evacuation
• Lieutenant Bulkeley

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TIME TO FIGHT BACK

• March 24, 1942 - Admiral Chester Nimitz appointed
  as Commander in Chief of the U.S. Pacific
  theater.

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Bataan Corrigedor

• A shortage of food, ammunition, medicine, and
  attendant materials
• The Defenders of Bataan continued to hold their
  ground, without reinforcements and without being
  re-supplied. Disease, malnutrition, fatigue, and
  a lack of basic supplies took their toll.

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• General King
• April 3, 1942, the Japanese launched their all
  out final offensive to take Bataan
• By the 9th King had no choice but to surrender
• "Death March"
• A series of marches roughly 90 miles
• No water, beaten, executed, tortured
• Camp O'Donnell
• 1,600 Americans died in the first forty days

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BATAAN DEATH MARCH
May 6, 1942 - Japanese take Corregidor as Gen.
Wainwright unconditionally surrenders all U.S.
And Filipino forces in the Philippines.
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Battle of the Coral Sea May 7-8, 1942

• JAPANESES 1ST DEFEAT
• Also 1st fight between carriers who never saw
  each other
• Japanese amphibious operation intended to capture
  Port Moresby
• Big aircraft carriers Shokaku and Zuikaku

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THE BATTLE OF CORAL SEA ISLANDS

• An overall attempt to secure bases in the Solomon
  Islands
• Unit of Japanese get scattered
• Single US carrier force dispatched

• USS Lexington is lost
• A Tactical Draw
• But Strategically a US victory

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• US losses
• The US fleet suffered greater losses in the
  battle. US losses 
• One carrier destroyed, one damaged, one oiler and
  one destroyer sunk, 66 aircraft lost, and 543 men
  killed or wounded.
• Japanese losses 
• One small carrier destroyed, one carrier severely
  damaged, one destroyer and three small naval
  ships sunk, 77 carrier aircraft lost, and 1074
  men killed or wounded.

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Results

• 2 Japanese carriers unable to take part in the
  Midway battle
• Australia and Port Moresby are saved from
  invasion
• US and Allies (especially) the Aussies stemmed
  the tide of the Japanese war machine

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MIDWAYJune 4-5, 1942
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USS YORKTOWN IN A PROTECTIVE RING
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THE SET UP

• YAMAMOTO

• JAPANESE BELIEVED WE HAD ONLY 2 VIABLE CARRIERS
• LURING THE AMERICANS IN
• SPREAD HIS FORCES OUT TO BREAK UP US
  REINFORCEMENT LINES

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MAGIC

• "AF
• Hypo's commander, Commander Joseph J. Rochfort
• The back door is open and the hunted finally
  becomes the hunter
• The trap is set
• THE YORKTOWN, HORNET, ENTERPRISE ARE WAITING

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• Raymond A. Spruance
• Admiral Nagumo would now only have four carriers
  due to loses at Coral Sea
• The Yorktown repaired in 72 hours at Pearl was
  pushing to Midway

• The battle will begin as each sides believes he
  has the upper hand
• Vice Admiral Chuichi Nagumo launched his initial
  attack wave of 108 aircraft at 0430
• By 620 they were hammering Midway

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• The islands defenses were stiff
• Many US fighters and Bombers had taken to hitting
  Japanese ships
• These flyboys paid a heavy price while the
  Japanese took little notice

TBF AVENGER
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The BIG mistake

• Never Hesitate in Battle
• Admiral Fletcher, in overall command on board
  Yorktown launched his aircraft during Japanese
  delay

• Spruance launched his carriers the Enterprise and
  the Hornet by 7 am
• These flyers would not fair any better than
  earlier attempts, but would hold the Japanese at
  bay

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6 MINUTES THAT SAVED THE WAR
SBD DAUNTLESS
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• Akagi Soryu Kaga Hiryu all 4 carriers would go
  down

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FALL OF THE YORKTOWN
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• Midway turned the tide
• America could now look to be the aggresors
• The loss of 4 of her flight decks was one the
  Japanese could never recover from
• Yamamto will die when his plane is shot down by a
  p-38 lighting

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• Loses in ships, planes, and pilots at Midway were
  just the beginning
• Now it was time to head towards Japan
• Two Plans of action
• Macarthurs
• Nimitzs
• One if by land and one if by sea
• Island Hopping

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Island Hopping

• The idea is simple just play hopscotch all the
  way to Japan
• Let the Navy war ships and Navy Flyers along with
  the Marine Air corps pound the fortified islands
• Drop off the MARINES to clean up whatever is left
• HELL IN THE PACIFIC

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