Irish Scholarly Resources: Digitisation, Access, and Context:

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Irish Scholarly Resources Digitisation, Access,
and Context 2. Making Contextual Resources
Accessible for Digital Resources --
ecai.org/neh2007 Michael Buckland Electronic
Cultural Atlas Initiative and School of
Information, Univ. of California, Berkeley Work
supported by the Institute for Museum and Library
Studies and by the National Endowment for the
Humanities.
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• Five ideas about use of digital corpora. . . .
• 1. Understanding requires knowing the context.
• 2. Using Internet resources should be like using
  a library reference collection and as easy and
  as reliable.
• 3. Design Find the context of any document,
  word, name, museum object, or event What is
  related to it in what it is, where it came from,
  when it originated, and who is associated with
  it?
• WHAT, WHERE, WHEN, and WHO (4W) as a structure.
• Make better use of existing descriptive metadata.

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Any word, name, document, or event
Context and relationships Ireland and Irish
Studies ecai.org/neh2007
Connect it with its context and other resources.
Facet Vocabulary Displays WHAT
Thesaurus Cross- e.g. LCSH
references WHERE Gazetteer Map WHEN
Period directory Timeline WHO Biograph.
dict. Personal e.g. Whos Who relations
Any catalog Archives, Libraries, Museums, TV,
Publishers
Any resource Audio, Images, Texts, Numeric data,
Objects, Virtual reality, Webpages
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• WHAT Subject headings
  Cross-references in
• between vocabularies

Kung fu movies SEE Martial Arts films FORMERLY
Hand-to-hand fighting, oriental, in motion
pictures
Automobile in four dialects - PASS MOT VEH,
SPARK IGN ENG
(U.S. Import/Export statistics) - TL 205
(Library of Congress Classification) - 180/280
(US Patent classification) - 3711 (Standard
Industrial Classification)
NEED TO MAP TO BETWEEN UNFAMILIAR VOCABULARIES
HS 847120 Digital auto data proc mach contng in
the same housing a CPU and input output
device.(International Harmonized Commodity
Classification System).
Computer!
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WHEN? What happened in IRELAND in 1690s?
Time Period Directory records in Google Earth.
Zoom to Ireland and 1690s. Icon for siege of
Limerick, 1690. Click link for library search.
Catalog records list books and show context.
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• WHERE Place name gazetteer
  Map

Dots link to portal
Ctesiphon (Ancient site)
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WHO Biographical Dictionary Complex
relationships
Life events metadata WHAT Actions
prisoner WHERE Places Holstein WHEN Times
1261-1262 WHO People Margaret Sambiria
But ideally we need external links to the best
resources! Current project Context finding for
biographical texts. Example Electronic search
engine pioneer.
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Emanuel Goldberg, b. Moscow, 1881 son of
Grigorii Goldberg Univ. of Moscow, 1900-04 Ph.D
w. Robert Luther, Leipzig Univ., 1906 Assistant,
Adolf Miethe, TU Charlottenburg, 1906-07 Prof,
Akad. f. graphische Künste, Leipzig, 1907-17
ICA, Zeiss Ikon, Dresden, 1917-1933 Kinamo cine
camera, 1921 microdots, 1925 search engine,
1927 Contax 35 mm camera 1932 kidnapped by Nazi
SA refugee in Paris, 1933-37 Laboratory,
Palestine, Israel, 1937 d. 1970.
WHO? Click a name to search for an internet
resource.
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Emanuel Goldberg, b. Moscow, 1881 son of
Grigorii Goldberg Univ. of Moscow, 1900-04 Ph.D
w. Robert Luther, Leipzig Univ., 1906 Assistant,
Adolf Miethe, TU Charlottenburg, 1906-07 Prof,
Akad. f. graphische Künste, Leipzig, 1907-17
ICA, Zeiss Ikon, Dresden, 1917-1933 Kinamo cine
camera, 1921 microdots, 1925 search engine,
1927 Contax 35 mm camera 1932 kidnapped by Nazi
SA refugee in Paris, 1933-37 Laboratory,
Palestine, Israel, 1937 d. 1970.
WHERE? Trace a life-path.
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Emanuel Goldberg, b. Moscow, 1881 son of
Grigorii Goldberg Univ. of Moscow, 1900-04 Ph.D
w. Robert Luther, Leipzig Univ., 1906 Assistant,
Adolf Miethe, TU Charlottenburg, 1906-07 Prof,
Akad. f. graphische Künste, Leipzig, 1907-17
ICA, Zeiss Ikon, Dresden, 1917-1933 Kinamo cine
camera, 1921 microdots, 1925 search engine,
1927 Contax 35 mm camera 1932 kidnapped by Nazi
SA refugee in Paris, 1933-37 Laboratory,
Palestine, Israel, 1937 d. 1970.
WHAT?
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Initial sketch for Context Finding / Building
interface. Save search path Save link
notes as stand-off markup. Save link notes as
embedded mark-up.
Insert / block text
Ranked lists of suggested resources for each
facet chosen
Define facet
Display of search result
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Scanned text
Named Entities
Name finder
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Hovering over a named entity highlights the areas
where it appears in the text.
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Named entities are linked to specific resources
or dynamic searches over relevant databases.
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Initially, named entities are linked to keyword
searches at the appropriate name authorities and
metadata services. Here we see a number of
possible candidates for Henry V.
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When editing an entity, the user can disambiguate
it by linking it to a specific record from a
naming authority. Here, the user is specifying
that this instance of Henry V refers to Henry
V King of England 1387-1422.
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Now that it has been disambiguated, the named
entity links directly to the appropriate record.
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Named entities not detected automatically can be
added manually.
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Edmund Hogans Onomasticon Goedelicum Locorum
et Tribuum Hiberniae et Scotiae An Index, with
Identifications, to the Gaelic Names of Places
and Tribes
If searchable online, one could, when reading an
Irish studies text 1. Search it (Context
finder) 2. Markup text with links to it (Context
builder) 3. Markup Hogan with reverse links to
the Irish studies text (Context provider) with
rich consequences.
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Links create infrastructure
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The reference library is needed in the digital
library environment.
Paper-based reference collection Codex
determines structure and use.
Reference Genre Vocabulary
Displays Facet Dictionary,
encyclopedia Topics Cross-refs
WHAT Atlas, gazetteer Places Maps
WHERE Almanac, chronology Time
Timelines WHEN Biogr. Dict., Whos
Who Persons Personal relationships WHO
Reversed in a digital environment Metadata forms
infrastructure.
Facet Vocabulary Displays
Reference Genre WHAT Topics
Cross-references Dictionary,
Encyclopedia WHERE Places Maps
Atlas, gazetteer WHEN Periods
Timeline Almanac, Chronology WHO
Persons Personal relationships
Biogr.dictionary, Whos Who
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• Conclusion
• -- The context finder supports reference
  queries
• -- The context builder prompts reference
  queries
• -- The context provider develops a reference
  environment far richer than could be provided on
  paper
• -- These tools would empower users and well as
  reference librarians
• -- . . . and editors, publishers, and everyone
  else
• -- . . . even from laptops in dorms from 9 p.m.
  to 5 a.m.
• -- This approach should work with any digital
  corpus

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Any word, name, document, or event
Context and relationships Ireland and Irish
Studies -- ecai.org/neh2007
Connect it with its context and other resources.
Facet Vocabulary Displays WHAT
Thesaurus Cross- e.g. LCSH
references WHERE Gazetteer Map WHEN
Period directory Timeline WHO Biograph.
dict. Personal e.g. Whos Who relations
Any catalog Archives, Libraries, Museums, TV,
Publishers
Any resource Audio, Images, Texts, Numeric data,
Objects, Virtual reality, Webpages
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We gratefully acknowledge the support of the
Institute for Museum and Library Services and the
National Endowment for the Humanities. -
Support for the learner What, Where, When and
Who. (IMLS) http//ecai.org/imls2004 - Bringing
lives to light Biography in context. (IMLS)
http//ecai.org/imls2006 - Context and
relationships Ireland and Irish studies. (NEH
IMLS) http//ecai.org/neh2007