VoIP and ENUM Current Status

1
VoIP and ENUM Current Status

• IMTC
• UMMAP Activity Group
• February 4th, 2004
• Richard STASTNY
• ÖFEG, Postbox 147, 1103-Vienna
• 43 664 420 4100richard.stastny_at_oefeg.atrichard_at_
  stastny.com

2
ENUM in a nutshell

• take phone number

43 1 979 33 21

• turn it into a FQDN

1.2.3.3.9.7.9.1.3.4.e164.arpa.

• ask the DNS

mailtorichard_at_stastny.com

• returns list of URIs

siprichard_at_iphone.at
3
How does ENUM work ?
Telephone Number (TN) 43 1 979 33 21 translates
to
1.2.3.3.9.7.9.1.3.4.e164.arpa
Tier 1 resolution to NS of authority ( pointer
only)
1.2.3.3.9.7.9.1.3.4.e164.arpa. IN NS ns1.iphone.at
Tier 2 resolution to NAPTR record and SIP URL
controlled at the end office
IN NAPTR 10 10 "u" E2Usip !.!SIPrichard_at_ip
hone.at!
set up call
4
ENUM and VoIP as a Trigger

• ENUM is tightly linked with numbering and
  therefore with the regulatory framework
• Deployment of ENUM is also tightly linked with
  the deployment of VoIP
• Deployment of VoIP causes a direct conflict
  between Telco's and ISP's
• Deployment of ENUM involves NRA's and Registries
  (in Europe primarily the ccTLD's)
• ENUM and VoIP therefore cause a lot of questions
  and issues to surface.

5
Areas of Conflict
National Regulatory Authorities
(New) Telecommunication Law
Numbering
ENUM and VoIP
(De)regulation
ISP's and other SP
ccTLD's (Registries)
Telco's
Consumer and Privacy protection
Privacy Law
Consumers
6
Lessons learnt in the ENUM Trials

• Basic issues solved
• ENUM technology works,
• ENUM policy and administration most problems
  solved,
• but shift in focus for the business models.
• The original business model of ENUM for
  residential subscribers with opt-in for existing
  numbers has problems
• it's a second line service,
• privacy problems with multiple services (e-mail
  spam)
• Validation and re-validation problem,
• but the major problem is How to overcome
  Metcalfe's Law?
• The usefulness, or utility, of a network equals
  the square of the number of users
• so new approaches are needed.

7
New approaches to ENUM

• New approaches for IP Communications with ENUM
• ENUM for IP-based private networks ("PBX") with
  direct dial in
• Numbers "ported" to IP-based networks (using ENUM
  for routing)
• non-geographic number ranges for IP
  Communications, using ENUM
• and then the re-launch of the original ENUM model
  starting with teleworkers and road warriors to
  overcome Metcalfe's Law
• Note well IP Communications is not IP Telephony
• it is IP based services
• one of these services is VoIP - and others like
• Directory, Mobility,
• Instant Messaging, Presence, Video, Chat, SMS,
  and, and,
• will become more and more important

8
ENUM as a glue

• An URI (AoR) entered in an ENUM domain related to
  an E.164 number allows you
• to reach any destination on IP from the PSTN/ISDN
• requirements on the PSTN/ISDN see next slide
• to reach any destination on IP directly from IP
• by dialing the full E.164 number as default
• dialing local numbers and cross connections is
  still possible
• if a proper numbering and dialing plan is
  used
• see I-D draft-stastny-enum-numbering-voip-00.txt
• and to reach any destination existing only on the
  PSTN
• but only calls to numbers not found in ENUM are
  routed via the PSTN

9
What is required on the PSTN/ISDN?

• Numbers both on the PSTN/ISDN and in ENUM
  (opt-in)
• Calls originating on IP are routed directly on IP
• Calls originating on the PSTN are routed and
  terminated on the PSTN
• Numbers ported out (locally) to VoIP providers
• Calls originating on IP are routed directly on IP
• Calls originating on the PSTN are routed on the
  PSTN and terminated on IP
• Numbers routed directly to IP via ENUM
• "Personal Mobile Number" ranges are assigned for
  this purpose
• If significant enough (max 7 digits), they may be
  recognized early
• and routed to the nearest VoIP ENUM-enabled
  generic gateway
• e.g. 87810, 43780,

10
National Numbering Resources for VoIP

• geographic numbers (fixed)
• possible, but originations only from fixed line
  (for XDSL, VDSL)
• also for IP Centrex and IP PBX with ENUM
• numbers for networks (fixed and mobile)
• yes, for IP Centrex and IP PBX with ENUM
• mobile numbers
• not yet, but ideal for ENUM opt-in
• national portable numbers (fixed, mobile,
  personal) - 720
• yes, with and without ENUM, UPT services possible
• numbers for convergent services (mobile,
  personal) - 780
• ENUM-only, ideal for virtual operators
• ENUM-only means that a number is valid only if
  there is a corresponding ENUM domain

11
Primary Goals with some Examples

• Primary goals of ENUM
• Goal 1 Never touch the PSTN, if you can avoid it
• Goal 2 If you cannot avoid it
• a. early exit from the PSTN or
• b. late entry to the PSTN
• Corporate Users (Never touch the PSTN)
• Call Flows
• Broadband AT43 VoIP and ENUM Trial of the Uni
  Vienna
• Linking IP PBX together globally
• The generic gateway (early exit of the PSTN)
• for all ENUM-only numbers and others
• Infrastructure ENUM
• The freenum.org trial (late entry to the PSTN)

12
Options for Corporate Users
32_at_iphone.at
32
43 780 123456 32
43179780
43179780 32
13
Large Scale IPC Trial at43

• Large Scale Trial on IP Communications using ENUM
• University of Vienna 100.000 Students
• re-use of existing student account credentials
  via RADIUS
• iptel.org SIP Express Router as SIP proxy with
  call routing, ENUM processing, PSTN interworking
• some functions based on Asterisk open-source
  IP-PBX
• voice-mail, conference bridge, IVR,
• PSTN Connection CISCO 5300 PSTN/ISDN Gateway
  with PRA
• Various Soft- and Hard-phones, WiFi-Phones,
• IP Connection to other universities, communities
  and "IP-PBX"
• Applications Crash test for VoIP, Chat, IM,
  Presence, SMS, use of SIM-Cards
• IP calls free, PSTN-gtIP calls by caller IP-gtPSTN
  with call-by-call accounting
• Naming, Numbering and Addressing with ENUM
• Base sipltstudent-idgt_at_sip.univie.ac.at
• Austrian number for private networks 43 59966
  nnnnnn
• global UPT number 87810 2843 nnnnnn
• ORIGIN 6.6.9.9.5.3.4.e164.arpa.
• NAPTR 100 10 "u" "E2Usip"
  "!\\4359966(.)!sip\\1_at_sip.univie.ac.at!" .

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IP Communications global network

• Phone numbers are now only routable over PSTN
  network
• Connect Friends and Family Customers and
  Suppliers to the E.164 numbering plan using ENUM
• and route this ENUM-enabled calls via the public
  Internet

ENUM
15
The Generic Gateway from the PSTN

• ENUM-only number ranges may be routed by the PSTN
  to a generic gateway
• properly set up, such a gateway can handle
  several number ranges, e.g. 43 780 abcdef as
  well as 87810 abcdefghij
• if the range can be determined in lt 7 digits, any
  telco could use a GG anywhere and exit traffic
  early from the PSTN.
• It is up to the PSTN operators to route any
  number in ENUM to these gateways (e.g access code
  or ACQ)
• the gateway forwards the calls depending on NAPTR
  service contents
• doable for SIP and H.323 in one gateway
• iLECs LD operators will carry most of the PSTN
  traffic destined for these number ranges,
• they are in excellent position to terminate these
  calls and grab the gateway business
• Assumption termination revenue gt termination
  cost (IP GG capex/opex)
• with proper authentication and billing, the same
  gateway can also handle calls Internet-gt PSTN
  with certified callerID

16
The Interworking
PSTN ENUM-only number range
ITSP
17
freenum.org global 800 service

• Infrastructure ENUM routing experiment for SIP
  ITSPs
• idea contribute 800 termination in your country
  and use other termination points in turn
• if you are interested let us know
• routing done by entry lookup in a private ENUM
  tree
• 43800. ? sipltdestinationgt_at_gw.at43.at
• add a ENUM lookup in freenum.org with SIP Express
  Router, Asterisk out of the box
• its a controllable entry step before full-scale
  public ENUM deployment

18
How it works
19
Activities Planned 2004

• Make existing ENUM Trials interoperable
• ETSI ENUM Plugtest Workshop (February 24-25)
• Advance RFC2916bis to draft standard (IETF)
• Register various "enumservices" with IANA
• Make "Interim Procedures" permanent (ITU-T, IAB,
  RIPE)
• next ITU-T SG2 Plenary in May
• Establish national policy frameworks
• 22 CC already delegated in e164.arpa, more to
  come soon
• Start commercial deployment of ENUM
• some countries are already planning commercial
  deployments of ENUM during this year

20
The End
Thank you for your attention
www.enum.nic.at www.at43.at/en/
Contact (not Content) is King
Douglas Rushkoff
21
(Very short) ENUM History

• Sept. 2000 IETF ENUM WG RFC2916
• 2001 Various Workshops (ITU-T, Europe, US,
  Asia, )
• 2002 ITU-T Interim Procedures (IAB, RIPE-NCC)
  ITU-T generic TLD Investigation
  ETSI TS 102 051 "ENUM Administration in Europe"
• 2003 ETSI TS 102 172 "Minimum Requirements for
  Interoperability of European ENUM
  Trials" IETF various enumservices on
  standards track IETF RFC2916bis WGLC
• 2004 Planned IETF new ENUM RFC, IANA
  registered enumservices ITU-T final
  decision on ENUM domain ETSI ENUM
  Workshop (Feb 2004) and Plugtest

22
(Very short) ENUM Trial History

• 2002 US ENUM Forum Trial Platforms in
  AT, UK, SE, DE, CN, Austrian ENUM
  Trial in operation (Sept. 2002)
• 2003 Various national and international ENUM
  Trials using different scenarios and
  numbering resources and using
  different ENUM-enabled products
  National and international demos and
  presentations (IETF, ITU-T, VON,
  ICANN, ) SIP communities start using
  ENUM (FWD, Sipphone, iptel, at43, )
  Pre-commercial deployment starts
• 2004 ENUM ready for production and deployment
  (at least in some countries)

23
ENUM Delegations
Delegations in e164.arpa as of 16. November 2003

• 31 Netherlands
• 33 France
• 358 Finland
• 36 Hungary
• 374 Armenia
• 40 Romania
• 41 Switzerland
• 420 Czech Republic
• 421 Slovakia
• 423 Liechtenstein
• 43 Austria
• 44 UK
• 46 Sweden
• 48 Poland
• 49 Germany

• 55 Brazil
• 86 China
• 246 Diego Garcia
• 247 Ascension
• 290 Saint Helena
• 971 UAE
• 87810 VISIONng UPT

additional Asian countries (Korea, Japan, ) soon
to come
http//www.ripe.net/enum/request-archives/