June 16, 2004 FHWA Talking Freight Seminar

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June 16, 2004 FHWA Talking Freight Seminar

• Programming for Trade Growth
• Louis Rubenstein
• Port Traffic Engineer
• 
  r8

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Outline

• Growth Trends
• Container Shipping Basics
• Bigger Ships, Terminals
• Landside Impact
• Constraints
• Expansion Programs
• Environment
• Reducing Truck Impacts

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Why has West Coast Trade Increased?

• Overall Growth in World Trade
• Income growthas reflected in GDP growth
• Decline in tariff barriers19747.1
  current1.9
• Decline in transportation costlarge ships
  double tracks
• West Coast Competitive Advantages
• Increase in Asia trades-- U.S. in 19708
  200240
• Post Panamax container vesselsshipsgt106 ft beam
• Intermodal rail system and connecting freeways
• Good weather
• Large local market
• Labor supply

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Socal Ports May Lose Market Share

• Showing a steady increase since the mid-1990s,
  the Ports of Long Beach and Los Angeles lost 1.5
  market share in the first half of 2003
• Increased capacity at PNW ports
• Increased capacity on all-water routes
• West coast currently 48 US total sea trade
• Growing freeway congestion

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National Demand

• One half of all LB cargo moves east of Rockies.
• Chicago 3- 4 days.
• NY 5-6 days.

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2. Container Shipping Basics

• Competition
• Service and market share higher priority than
  cost
• Sample fee ship 20 ft container from Shanghai
  to Oakland 1900, to Chicago 2500 - Oakland to
  Shanghai 700
• Volume measured in TEUs, twenty foot equivalent
  units, 80 are FEUs (40 ft)
• Weekly service N Asia loading 4 days, sea
  journey 2x6500 miles (27 days) N America
  loading 4 days
• 6000 TEU ship capital cost 120 m or 20,000/TEU
• Operating cost 4000 TEU ship - 15/TEU/Day
• 12,000 TEU ship -
  12/TEU/Day

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Terminal Land ThroughputFactors dwell
time, value, stack height, empties, crane rates,
handlings, sorts, random pick up, inspection

• Container Yard
  /TEU
• 8500 TEU/acre/yr new stacking system
• 7000 TEU/acre/yr grounded
• 3800 TEU/acre/yr wheeled
• On Dock Rail Yard
• 10 container lifts/track foot year
• 1 acre of rail yard/1000 feet track

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www.rutner.com/LOGT4232/slides/LOGT20423220Ch06
20-20Liners.pdf
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3. Bigger Ships Bigger Terminals

• 10,000 TEU ship weekly service, 85 discharge
• 442,000 x 2 884,000 TEU/yr
• If wheeled 3800 TEU/acre/yr 230 acres
• If grounded 7000 TEU/acre/yr 125 acres
• If 25 by rail ?221,000/10 22,100 track feet
• rail yard
  22 acres
• 
  
• 20 TEU, 80 FEU 491,000 containers/yr
• 1.3 truck trips/container, 5.3 days/wk 2300
  truck trips/ day (0 rail)

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Megaships

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8000 TEU Ships
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Limits to Ship Size

• Demand
• Suez Canal 12,000 TEU
• L 1312, W 185,
  D56, AD 185
• Panama Canal Current 4,400 TEU
• W106
• Future 12,000 TEU
• Malacca Strait 18,000 TEU
• Port Infrastructure
• Bridge heights, channel depths widths

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4. Landside Impact - POLA/LB Inland Flows
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POLB/POLA Daily Trips
230,235 PCEs
98,490 PCEs (Passenger-car-equivalents)
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5. Constraints -Major California / Federal Laws

• CA Existing ports encouraged to modernize
  construct within existing boundaries
• No new ports allowed on coastline
• Limits physical boundaries of Port
• Tidelands Trust
• Truck appointments
• EIR
• Federal Wetlands, EIS
• Marine Transportation Security Act

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Community Relations

• Some activists are calling for a halt to Port
  growth
• If we dont grow responsibly, public opposition
  could grow
• Infrastructure improvements depend on community
  support
• All stakeholders in the supply chain must become
  more aware of community concerns

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6. Expansion ProgramsMegaterminals
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Mega-Container Terminal Program

• 5 Terminals
• Each 300 Acres
• Piers T, A, E, G, J
• Pier S (217 Acres)
• North Harbor Planning Study
• Moving Toyota to North Harbor Expanding Pier
  A current Hanjin location

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Megaterminal Program Cost

• Total Cost 1.9 Billion in process of revising
  upward
• Does Not Include
• Pier W big fill
• North Harbor Redevelopment

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Further Landfill
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TONNAGE SHARE OF U.S. CONTAINER TRADENational
Dredging Needs Study of U.S. Ports and Harbors
Update 2000 (USACE DRI WEFA)
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Gerald Desmond Bridge Replacement

• Est. cost 711M (escalated)
• Part of I 710 Freeway expansion, 20 miles 4
  billion

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H-Tower with Straight Legs
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Port of Long BeachRail Master Planning Study

• Railyard capacity model
• Intermodal mode split analysis
• Rail simulation model rail LOS

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Baseline Rail Yard Projects (2020)Mega-Terminal
Program

Total Cost 293 million
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7. Environment

• Port equipment alternative fuels study
• Yard equipment diesel equipment reduction program
• Yard equipment alternative fuels
• Slow ship lanes
• Cold ironing
• Short line RR diesel emission reduction
• Coke terminal dust control

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Marine Locomotive Contribution to Statewide NOx
Emissions
7
6
3
9
5
5
2000
2020
2010
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Marine Locomotive Contribution to Statewide
Diesel PM Emissions
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6
10
26
8
15
2000
2020
2010
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8. Reducing Truck Impacts

• Extended gate hours 15 night ? 40
• Virtual empty container yard (-5)
• Virtual weigh in motion
• Electronic seals, RFID tags improved
• terminal/trucker communications
• Additional on dock, near dock rail (-10 )
• Share train yard
• Shuttle trains - east and west bound, local,
  intermodal
• SR47 (Alameda St) Truck Expressway (-7)
• I710, bridge improvements

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Port Container Traffic - Rail vs. Truck
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Agile Port

• Block Swap
• Full-length trains are built at the on-dock
  yard, but they consist of blocks of cars (10
  containers/car) each sorted for specific eastern
  destinations. At the inland facility, these
  blocks are then sorted with blocks from other
  trains to create destination-specific unit
  trains.
• No Sort Shuttle Trains
• Unsorted full-length trains are built at the
  marine terminal. All sorting of containers into
  destination-specific unit trains is done at the
  inland facility. Requires the container to be
  offloaded from the inland facility to other
  destination specific trains.

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