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POISONING EMERGENCIES ON THE FARM

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Title: POISONING EMERGENCIES ON THE FARM


1
POISONING EMERGENCIES ON THE FARM
  • TRI-CO. YOUNG FARMERS

By Joey Wells
Tri-County Young Farmers
Modified by Georgia Agricultural Education
Curriculum Office
May 2007
2
WHAT ARE POISONS?
Poisons are substances that if inhaled, absorbed
or injected, harm the structures or functions of
the body. Some types of poisons may act
immediately on the body, others may act more
slowly. Some poisons, such as cyanide, are so
toxic they only require a very small amount to be
harmful, while others, such as garden sprays, are
cumulative and require exposure over a long
period to achieve the same level of toxicity.
Some may be carcinogenic, and cause fatal
cancers, some years after exposure.
3
HOW COMMON IS POISONING IN THE U.S.?
  • More than 1.5 million calls to poison control
    centers each year
  • More than ¾ involve children under 5 yrs.
  • Most poisonings are accidental
  • Substantial number are suicide attempts
  • Child proof tops have reduced child poisonings
    dramatically

4
HOW COMMON IS POISONING IN THE U.S.?
  • The aged are the second most commonly affected
    group
  • Failing eyesight
  • Using multiple drugs
  • Confusion and difficulty in remembering if
    medications have been taken
  • Drug overdoses by drug abusers
  • Mixing drugs and alcohol
  • Using several medications together

5
SOURCES OF POISONING IN THE HOME AND ON THE FARM
6
ACIDS ALKALIS
  • Household cleaners frequently contain caustic
    acids and alkalis
  • Lye, bleach, cleaners for toilet bowls, ovens,
    and drains
  • Tempt children with colorful bottles and cans
  • Often stored in beverage containers and milk jugs.

7
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8
PETROLEUM PRODUCTS
  • GASOLINE, KEROSENE, BENZENE, MINERAL SPIRITS,
    FURNITURE POLISHES, PAINT THINNERS, AND OTHER
    SOLVENTS
  • OFTEN INHALED OR SNIFFED BY YOUNG PEOPLE OR DRUG
    USERS
  • Correction fluid, glue, carbon tetrachloride
  • Causes cardio respiratory problems and liver
    damage

9
INDUSTRIAL POISONS
  • Poisonings from lead, mercury, and other heavy
    metals
  • Lead poisoning from eating flaking paint and
    drinking water contaminated by lead from pipes
    and brass fixtures
  • Industrial wastes near factories

10
MEDICATIONS AS POISONS
  • Almost any medication taken in a large quantity
    can be toxic
  • Aspirin remains one of the leading causes of
    accidental poisoning in young children
  • Iron pills and multivitamins containing iron are
    a major source of childhood poisoning
  • Tylenol, Anacin-3, etc. and other over the
    counter drugs can cause coma and death

11
POISONOUS PLANTS
  • There are more than 700 plant species in the
    United States that can cause poisoning if a part
    of them is swallowed
  • May be the entire plant or parts that are
    poisonous
  • bulbs - daffodils
  • seeds or berries - mistletoe, apple or apricot
    seeds
  • flowers - jasmine
  • leaves - tomato

12
POISONOUS PLANTS
  • Plants are second only to medicines as the cause
    of serious poisoning in children lt 5
  • Be careful with herbs and herb medicines
  • Should be treated like any medication
  • Be familiar with its affects and check with a
    doctor
  • Water hemlock looks like parsley but one bite can
    be fatal

13
COMMON POISONOUS PLANTS
14
PESTICIDE POISONING
  • Accidental exposure or overexposure to pesticides
    can have serious implications
  • Most pesticides can be used with relatively
    little risk ( following label directions) but
    used in a wrong manner, some are extremely toxic

15
MANAGING YOUR RISK
  • Wear protective clothing and equipment
  • PPE
  • Risk Toxicity X Exposure
  • No matter how toxic a product is if the exposure
    is kept low, the risk can be held at an
    acceptable level

16
SIGNAL WORDS
  • Nearly all pesticides are toxic. They differ
    only in the degree of toxicity.
  • A pesticide label will have one of three signal
    words that indicates the degree of toxicity.

17
DANGER
  • Highly toxic
  • Oral Lethal Dose for a 150 lb. Human
  • Few drops to 1 teaspoon

18
WARNING
  • Moderately toxic
  • Oral Lethal Dose (150 lb person)
  • 1 teaspoon to 1 tablespoon

19
CAUTION
  • Low toxicity
  • Oral Lethal Dose (150 lb. Person)
  • 1 ounce to more than a pint

20
ROUTES OF EXPOSURE
  • Pesticides can enter the body in three ways
  • Dermally Through the skin or eyes
  • Orally Through the mouth
  • Inhalation By breathing into the lungs

21
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22
DERMAL EXPOSURE
  • Compared to the forearm with an absorption rate
    of 1.0
  • Scalp 3.7
  • Ear canal 5.4
  • Forehead 4.2
  • Genital area 11.8
  • Palm 1.3, Ball of foot 1.6
  • Abdomen 2.1

23
ORAL EXPOSURE
  • Most common oral exposure is from placing
    pesticides into another container
  • Children under 10 are victims of at least ½ of
    the accidental pesticide deaths in the United
    States

24
RESPIRATORY EXPOSURE
  • Rapid absorption of particles by the lungs into
    the bloodstream
  • Vapors and very small particles pose the most
    serious risks
  • Ultra low volume (ULV) or fogging equipment

25
PESTICIDE TOXICITY
  • Determining toxicity to humans is not easy
  • Usually rats or other animals are used
  • Not an exact science
  • Only used as guidelines

26
MEASURING TOXICITY
  • The measuring method, LD50 describes the dose of
    a pesticide that will kill half of a group of
    test animals from a single exposure by either the
    dermal, oral, or inhalation routes.
  • A pesticide with a lower LD50 is more toxic than
    one with a higher number
  • Fumigants are designated LC50 (Lethal
    concentration, 50 percent)

27
ACUTE TOXICITY
  • Refers to the effects from a single exposure or
    repeated exposure over a short period of time
  • Could be an accident during mixing or applying
    pesticides

28
CHRONIC TOXICITY
  • Refers to the effects of long-term or repeated
    lower level exposures to a toxic substance
  • Effects do not appear immediately and may take
    years to produce signs and symptoms

29
EXAMPLES OF CHRONIC POISONING
  • Carcinogenicity ability to produce cancer or to
    assist carcinogenic chemicals
  • Mutagenicity ability to cause genetic changes
  • Oncogenicity ability to produce tumor growth
  • Liver damage death of liver cells, jaundice,
    fibrosis, and cirrhosis

30
EXAMPLES OF CHRONIC POISONING
  • Reproductive disorders sterility and
    miscarriage
  • Nerve damage improper nerve function
  • Allergenic sensitization development of
    allergies to pesticides

31
RECOGNIZING SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF POISONING
32
POISONING SIGNS
  • Things that can be seen by others
  • Vomiting
  • Sweating
  • Pin point pupils
  • Burns around the mouth
  • Pale, cool, clammy skin

33
POISONING SYMPTOMS
  • Any functional changes in normal condition which
    can be described by the victim
  • Nausea, stomach pains or cramps
  • Headache
  • Weakness
  • Dizziness and/or blurred vision
  • Burning pain in the mouth or throat
  • Ringing in the ears

34
HANDLING POISONING EMERGENCIES
35
FIRST AID FOR POISONING EMERGENCIES
  • Follow same guidelines for most injuries
  • Check for vital signs breathing and pulse if
    absent call the local EMS or 911, then perform
    CPR
  • If there are other obvious symptoms of serious
    poisoning, call the EMS or 911.
  • If the person is conscious, call the poison
    control center and follow instructions
  • If unable to reach poison control or hospital for
    advice, transport victim to nearest emergency
    service

36
HANDLING POISONING EMERGENCIES
  • Proper management of poisoning requires expert
    guidance
  • Call the local Poison Control Center or Hospital

37
GEORGIA POISON CONTROL CENTERS
38
WHEN CALLING THE POISON CONTROL CENTER
  • Have as much information as possible your name,
    location, and phone number
  • Give the name of the poisoning substance the
    amount and time of ingestion, also the trade name
    and ingredients if possible
  • Describe the state of the poisoning victim
    conscious? Signs and symptoms- respiration,
    mental status, etc

39
POISONING EMERGENCIES
  • Households, especially those with children,
    should have on hand syrup of ipecac to induce
    vomiting when it is recommended

40
IF CANT GET ADVICE AND ARE FAR FROM A HOSPITAL
  • Determine the nature of the substance ingested
    look for burns from acids or alkalis, smell
    breath for petroleum products
  • Dilute the poison by administrating water or milk
    if the person is conscious and can swallow.
    Water is used for acids and alkali.
  • If the substance was medicine, plant material,
    pesticide, or other systemic substance ingested
    within the previous hour induce vomiting.

41
TO INDUCE VOMITING
  • Give 1 to 2 tablespoons of ipecac syrup (see
    label instructions) followed by ½ to 2 glasses of
    water.
  • If the first dose does not work, repeat after 20
    minutes
  • Vomiting can also be induced by inserting a spoon
    or finger at the back of the throat.
  • Collect a specimen for analysis

42
DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING IF
  • The nature of the substance is unknown
  • A corrosive substance (house cleaner, lye,
    bleach, or other acid or alkali product) is
    suspected.
  • A petroleum product (benzene, kerosene, gasoline,
    turpentine, paint thinner, or other hydrocarbon)
    is suspected. Can be inhaled into the lungs
    causing chemical pneumonia
  • The person is having seizures, is unconscious, or
    is losing consciousness
  • The victim is less than 1 year of age

43
PREVENTION IS BETTER THAN A CURE
  • Follow labeled instructions
  • Keep medications and other harmful substances out
    of the reach of children
  • Dispose of all poisonous substances and
    containers correctly
  • Never place poisonous substances in other
    containers
  • Medicines used only by those prescribed

44
OTHER FORMS OF POISONING ON THE FARM
45
BEES, WASPS, AND ANTS
  • Symptoms redness, swelling, itching, and pain
    at the site
  • Allergic reaction Facial swelling rash, hives,
    shortness of breath, nausea, vomiting
  • First Aid wash area with soap and water, apply
    a cool compress, elevate area on a pillow, make a
    paste of baking soda and water for itching Get
    immediate medical attention if anaphylactic
    reaction occurs

46
BLACK WIDOW SPIDER
  • Symptoms Sharp stabbing pain, muscle pain in
    the abdomen, back, and limbs begins within two
    hours and may become severe. Pain may spread to
    other parts of the body and increase in severity
    for up to 24 hours. Hypertension, nausea, and
    sweating
  • First Aid Wash, apply cool compress, elevate,
    and call Poison Control Center. Make sure
    tetanus booster is up-to-date.

47
BROWN RECLUSE SPIDER
48
BROWN RECLUSE SPIDER
  • Symptoms Small red spot at site of bite within
    2 to 10 hours. Flu-like symptoms may develop
    within 12 - 24 hours. Site may develop into a
    bulls eye lesion with a blister in the center.
    Rash is possible
  • First Aid Wash, cool compress, elevate, seek
    medical attention.

49
BROWN RECLUSE BITE
50
POISON IVY, POISON OAK, POISON SUMAC
  • 50 75 of people are allergic
  • Sensitive to urushiol oil found in roots, stems,
    leaves, and fruit. Released when plant is
    damaged or bruised. If not washed oil may stay
    potent for years.
  • Symptoms intense itchy red rash(24-72 hrs.)
    Blisters may develop (will not infect others)

51
POISON IVY, POISON OAK, POISON SUMAC
  • First Aid Upon exposure, wash with soap and
    water within 10 15 minutes. Wash all clothes,
    tools, and shoes with alcohol and water. If rash
    develops Cool compresses with water or whole
    milk, oral antihistamines, calamine lotion, zinc
    oxide or baking soda paste, Burrows solution

52
POISONOUS SNAKES
53
WHAT KIND OF SNAKE?
COPPERHEAD
54
WHAT KIND OF SNAKE?
CANEBREAK OR TIMBER RATTLER
55
WHAT KIND OF SNAKE?
EASTERN DIAMONDBACK
56
WHAT KIND OF SNAKE?
PIGMY RATTLESNAKE
57
WHAT KIND OF SNAKE?
COTTONMOUTH
58
WHAT KIND OF SNAKE?
EASTERN CORAL SNAKE
59
WHAT KIND OF SNAKE?
SCARLET SNAKE
SCARLET KING SNAKE
60
IN CASE OF SNAKE BITE -
CAR KEYS AND A CAR ARE THE BEST SNAKEBITE KIT -
DRIVE TO THE NEAREST MEDICAL CARE!
61
IN CASE OF SNAKEBITE -
62
IN CASE OF SNAKEBITE -
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