X. Race and Ethnicity

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X. Race and Ethnicity
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USA Ethnicity
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ethnic group

• social category of people who share a common
  culture
• language or dialect,
• religion, and
• common norms, practices, and customs

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USA Racial Composition
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Race

• Race is a socially constructed category

• Races are singled out for differential often
  unfair treatment.

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Race

• Definitions of race are created and maintained by
  the most powerful group(s) in a society

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Race Ethnicitys Effect on Income
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Ethnicity and Poverty
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Minorities and Dominant Groups

• Minorities are racial or ethnic groups,
• but not all racial and ethnic groups are
  minorities.

• Dominant group or social majority
• assigns a racial or ethnic group to subordinate
  status in society

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Race and Education
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Education and Race effect Employment Rates
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(No Transcript)
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Stereotypes

• based on race or ethnicity are called
  racial-ethnic stereotypes.

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GENDER STEREOTYPES

• Stereotypes about women are more likely to be
  negative than those about men

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Prejudice

• involves both prejudgment and misjudgment.
• negative attitudes about outgroup
• positive attitudes about ingroup

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Ethnocentrism

• belief that one's group is superior to all other
  groups.

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Discrimination

• Overt negative and unequal treatment of the
  members of some social group
• solely because of their membership in that group
  .

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Racism

• Treatment and perception of ethnic outgroup as
  intellectually, socially, and culturally inferior

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Institutional racism

• Dominant groups have the economic and political
  power to subjugate the minority group

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Social Psychological Theories of Prejudice

• scapegoat theory
• frustrations in their desire to achieve social
  and economic success

• authoritarian personality
• tendency to rigidly categorize other people
• rigidly conform

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Sociological Theories of Prejudice and Racism

• FUNCTIONALIST THEORY
• social stability requires assimilation

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Sociological Theories of Prejudice and Racism

• Symbolic Interaction Theory
• races and ethnic groups are socially constructed
• Contact theory

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Sociological Theories of Prejudice and Racism

• Conflict Theory
• class-based conflict is an inherent part of
  social interaction

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A Brief History of Various American Ethnic Groups
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PATTERNS OF RACIAL AND ETHNIC RELATIONS
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Assimilation and Pluralism

• Assimilationist
• to overcome adversity and oppression,
• imitate the dominant White culture

• Cultural Pluralism,
• different groups maintain their distinctive
  cultures
• coexisting peacefully

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Domestic Colonialism

• model to describe the condition of U.S. Blacks as
  an internal colony

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Segregation

• the spatial and social separation of racial and
  ethnic groups

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Racial-Ethnic Conflict

• A World Problem

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Civil Rights

• The civil rights movement of the 1950s and the
  1960s
• force behind the most progressive social change
  in race relations in the United States

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Affirmative action

• program for change,
• race-specific policy for reducing job and
  educational inequality.

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Affirmative Actions Two Components

• Recruiting minorities

• Using admission slots (in education)
• or set-aside contracts

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Changing Attitudes
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Changing Attitudes
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Changing Attitudes
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Changing Attitudes
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Race Gender and Life Span
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Effect of Class and Race on Occupation
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Little Rock Schools

• What role should government play to protect civil
  rights?
• Could segregated schools provide equal
  opportunity for all?

• Has school desegregation been successful?
• Make a multiple choice test question from this
  video.