REVIEW of film Cree Indians issues

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REVIEW of film Cree Indians issues

• The family versus the childrens rights? Or,
  cooperative labor
• Does the family deprive the children of their
  right to choose a career by taking them out of
  school?
• Issues Family economy versus individual economy

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Soc 215, Time and Division of Labor Thompson Roy

• Images of time from passing time to spending
  time
• Fighting for Time (ed. Epstein Kalleberg, 2005
• Concepts illlustrating spending time, as vs doing
  the task. Being on time, losing time, Blue
  Monday, having the Mondays Ready in 15 minutes
  or its free (pizza) Hurry up, its time
  (British Pub)
• coordinating activities in time abstractly vs
  activities the issue Salaff to colleague,
  howre you doing? Im juggling
• School Bell rings marks time

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Chaplin, Modern Times

• mid 1930s, foresaw main issues in contemporary
  society Part 1 of machine driven time, worker
  appendage of machine, times set by boss, who had
  leisure time. Panapticon boss could see all over
  the floor, no private space to escape (TV had not
  been invented).

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EP Thompson article Time and industrial
Capitalism

• Focuses on the relationship between time/clocks,
  and work discipline and industrial form or
  capitalist production.
• time discipline was required for industrial
  discipline
• The sense of time was imposed
• New manufacturing industry Early captains of
  industry developed their own rules
• The School
• new universe of disciplined time keeping people
  off the streets
• What evidence is there that the sense of time is
  internalized?

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• Fighting over time Images industrialization is
  seen to turn on control over time. How did
  industrialization gain control over our time?
• Early industrial society, no concept of work by
  time Cree Hunters focus on activities, not on
  time. Even tho they had natural rhythms,
  seasonal, task-orientation. tried to work in
  daylight.
• . . Other societies did have time segments, were
  linked to tasks how long it took to do
  something. And these measurements entered into
  their language. Nuer tribe e.g.
• Such a disregard for clock time could of course
  only be possible in a crofting and fishing
  community whose framework of marketing and
  administration is minimal,

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• In a similar way labour from dawn to dusk can
  appear to be "natural" in a farming community,
  especially in the harvest months nature demands
  that the grain be harvested before the
  thunderstorms set in.
• What similar "natural" work-rhythms which attend
  other rural or industrial occupations?

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• Task orientation vs timed labour, features
• Working to do tasks more humanly comprehensible,
  we attend upon what is an observed necessity.
• A community in which task-orientation is common
  appears to show least demarcation between "work"
  and "life". Social intercourse and labour are
  intermingled the working-day lengthens or
  contracts according to the task no great sense
  of conflict between labour and "passing the time
  of day".

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• But, to those accustomed to labour timed by the
  clock, this attitude to labour appears wasteful
  lacking in urgency.
• There are lots of criticisms directed to poor
  work habits of third world peoples. who have not
  learned to follow the clock rather than the
  activity.

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• "question of task orientation becomes greatly
  more complex at the point where labour is
  employed. there may be a division of labour,
  and allocation of roles, and the discipline of an
  employer-employed relationship
• irregularity of labour patterns before the coming
  of large-scale machine-powered industry There was
  a gradual movement from working in the home, and
  contracting to others homes,
• AND from being able to use the large commons, or
  parks for all your animal grazing, PRIVATE
  PROPERTY more tightly enforced at same time time
  controlled.

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• A great advance in the accuracy of household
  clocks came pendulum. Grandfather clocks spread
  more widely
• Traces spread of cheap time peaces Price of
  clocks too expensive for laborers until 1800s

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• task manufacturing industry remained conducted
  upon a small scale, without intricate subdivision
  of processes, the degree of synchronization not
  demand precision.
• the timekeeper stepped in, then 70 years later
  the same discipline was to be imposed in the
  early cotton mills with the aid of machinery to
  regulate the pace of work
• Factories needed to bow to agricultural rhythms,
  labor force left to harvest apples

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• the school One other non-industrial institution
  used to inculcate "time-thrift".
• Schooling keep people off the streets
• Teach them to be on disciplined time. Once in
  attendance, they were under military rule

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• The Superintendent shall again ring, when, on a
  motion of his hand, the whole School rise at once
  from their seats on a second motion, the
  Scholars turn on a third, slowly and silently
  move to the place appointed to repeat their
  lessons, he then pronounces the word "Begin" .
  . .(1833)
• Today, have you noticed whether your school life
  socialized you into factory like activities?

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• It took some time for factories to internalize
  time sense.
• There was nobody but the master and the master's
  son who had a watch, and we did not know the
  time. There was one man who had a watch ... It
  was taken from him and given into the master's
  custody because he had told the men the time of
  day (1887)

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• In all these ways - by the division of labour
  the supervision of labour fines bells and
  clocks money incentives preachings and
  schoolings the suppression of fairs and sports
  .new labour habits were formed, and a new
  time-discipline was imposed.

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Donald Roys study of factory

• Roy, D. F. (1959). "Banana Time Job Satisfaction
  and Informal Interaction." Human Organization,
  18 158-168.
• Both machine/time run schedule of work, not task
  run, and primary groups (call it factory with
  mixed forms
• follows Homans definition primary group

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• activity
• interaction From these interactions may also be
  abstracted a social structure of statuses and
  roles.
• sentiments,
• norms
• gives rise to rules of interaction at work place
  where they interact a distinctive sub-culture,
  with its recurring patterns of reciprocal
  influencings described as times and themes.
• Players were George, Ike, and Sammy

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• The clickers were of the genus punching machines
  of mechanical construction similar to that of the
  better known punch presses, their leading
  features were hammer and block.
• I discovered also that the clicker line
  represented a ranking system in descending order
  from George to myself.

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• I had struggled through many dreary rounds with
  the minutes and hours during the various phases
  of my industrial experience, but never had I been
  confronted with such a dismal combination of
  working conditions as the extra -long workday,
  the infinitesimal cerebral excitation, and the
  extreme limitation of physical movement. The
  contrast with a recent stint in the California
  oil fields was striking. This was no eight-hour
  day of racing hither and yon over desert and
  foothills with a rollicking crew of "roustabouts"
  on a variety of repair missions at oil wells,
  pipe lines, and storage tanks. Here there were no
  afternoon dallyings to search the sands for
  horned toads, tarantulas, and rattlesnakes, or to
  climb old wooden derricks for raven's nests, with
  an eye out, of course, for the telltale streak of
  dust in the distance which gave ample warning of
  the approach of the boss. This was standing all
  day in one spot beside three old codgers in a
  dingy room looking out through barred windows at
  the bare walls of a brick warehouse, leg
  movements largely restricted to the shifting of
  body (Roy)
• weight from one foot to the other, hand and arm
  movements
• confined, for the most part, to a simple
  repetitive sequence of
• place the die,---------- punch the clicker,
  ----------- place the die,

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• Making a game of work
• What I saw at first, before I began to observe,
  was occasional flurries of horseplay so simple
  and unvarying in pattern and so childish in
  quality that they made no strong bid for
  attention. For\ example, Ike would regularly
  switch off the power at Sammy's machine whenever
  Sammy made a trip to the lavatory or the drinking
  fountain.
• I began to develop familiarity with the
  communication system, the dis -connected became
  connected, the nonsense made sense, the obscure
  became clear, and the silly actually funny....The
  long day's grind was broken by interruptions of a
  kind other than the formally instituted...
• similar to those common fractures of the
  production process known as the coffee break, the
  coke break, and the cigarette break. Their
  distinction lay in frequency of occurrence and in
  brevity. As phases of the daily series, they
  occurred almost hourly, and so short were they in
  duration that they disrupted work activity only
  slightly.

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• Eg Peach Time. Ike invariably complained about
  the quality of the fruit, and his complaints fed
  the fires of continued banter between peach donor
  and critical recipient. he didnt get it
• Sammy brought a banana for consumption at lunch
  time he never did get to eat his banana, but
  kept bringing one for his lunch. At first this
  daily theft startled and amazed me. Then I grew
  to look forward to the daily seizure and the
  verbal interaction which followed.
• So initial discouragement with the meagerness of
  social interaction I now recognized as due to
  lack of observation. The interaction was there,
  in constant flow. It captured attention and held
  interest to make the long day pass.
• Then Black Friday a breach, 12-hour days were
  creeping again at snail's pace.

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• Roy's account how machine operators kept away
  boredom through ritualistic behavior.
• The work was monotonous, but it is a human
  tendency to try to find meaning in the work. They
  made a game out of work.
• Ritualistic patterns of horseplay among workers,
  often childish jokes on each other. Initiate
  verbal exchanges and occupy group members until
  the next interruption. The group interactions
  thus not only marked off time they gave it
  content and hurried it along.
• There was peach time, banana time, window time,
  lunch time, pickup time, fish time, and coke
  time.
• Struggling to maintain primary relations against
  the machine, lengthen their breaks. A threat
  management. Why?

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• Banana Time Case
• address the following questions 1. What
  situational factors have apparently led to
  development of this group? How might one
  describe this group from a motivational point of
  view? 2. Identify the various characters and
  describe the group roles that have been assigned
  to them. Do you see any evidence of role
  conflict? 3. What is the purpose behind the
  times? What part do these rituals play in the
  groups process? Why, in fact, have these
  times become so ritualistic? 4. What
  leadership has emerged in this group? Why has it
  emerged? 5. Why did the group react when someone
  did a breach? i.e. interfered with the rituals as
  they are regularly enacted? Note that several of
  these questions have subparts.

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Your experience

• How many of you have worked in the same place for
  a year? how many perceive pressure on the hours
  you work?
• How was there a struggle over time in your work
  place?
• People plan their work until they finish it. The
  manufacturer plans it by the 8 hour day.
• Where is that done today (crafts, writers,
  performers?

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Time Crunch

• Canadian statistics revealed that people work too
  many hours and thus have too much to do. Whereas
  one in ten respondents in 1991 worked 50 or more
  hours per week, one in four does so now during
  this same time period, the proportion of
  employees working between 35 and 39 hours per
  week declined from 48 of the sample to 27
  (Duxbury Higgens, 200376).

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• In fact people average same amount of time at
  work over pst decades.
• Dispersion of work hours increased
• Veblen wrote Theory of Leisure class, referring
  to elite having more leisure
• Now it is reversed those in top earning brackets
  work longer hours. Poor have more time
• Busiest occupational groups professionals
  managers, men l/3 gt50hrs/week women1/6.

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24/7

• Who knows concept? Refers to working nonstandard
  hours. In US 40 work most of hours outside usual
  9-5, M-Fri. (work by Presser)
• 28 dual earner couples at least one partner.
• 1/3 employed Americans work on weekends
• Reasons Growth of service economy, more women
  employed, also choice of parents. technology
  enables,

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• Taking a job working the night shift (24 million
  Americans) offers increased stress,
  higher-than-average divorce rates, poor
  productivity and even legislation that could
  impact the drive home.

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Time at work impacts on family lives Francine
Deutsch study Halving it All (1999)

• 23 Couples in which both husbands and wives were
  employed fulltime. Choice avoid or cant get day
  care
• women who worked non-day shifts, 38.7 reported
  childs father the principal caregiver, esp. pre
  schoolers,
• Preschoolers mothers non-day shift was
  complemented by a fathers day-shift Occupations
  that heavily rely on shift work are pre
  dominantly working class occupations
  manufacturing, health care, fire fighting, police
  ,correctional work, service work.
• the prevalence of shift work within working-class
  occupations, combine d with the financial
  advantages of parental care sugge st that blue
  -collar worke rs might be
• among those who most often alternate work shifts
  and share the care of their children.
• Time at work impacts on family lives
• It shapes and reshapes family lives into packages
  that support the work place.
• Many have examined this important phenomenon, and
  when you read Hochschild and the article by
  Salaff and Hardwic, and you write your final
  papers you want to think past your work place
  experiences to how it shapes family lives as
  well.

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• Traditional Ideologies, Nontraditional roles
  fathers more time with children than average
  family.
• Time at work shapes and reshapes family lives
  into packages that support the work place.
• Many have examined this important phenomenon, and
  when you read Hochschild and the article by
  Salaff and Hardwick, and you write your final
  papers you want to think past your work place
  experiences to how work time shapes family lives
  as well.

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• The Case of Theresa and David parents of three
  children Veronica, age 12, Betsy, age 10, and
  Nicholas, age six. Theresa is an inhalation the
  rapist who works 32 hours per week and earns
  32,000 per year. David is an installer for the
  phone company who works 40 hours per week and
  earns 31,000 per year. They have been sharing
  the care of the ir children by working different
  shifts since their firstborn, Veronica, was five
  and one-half weeks old. Currently, David works
  days from 700 A.M. to about 400 P.M. and
  Theresa works second shift four nights, from 330
  to 1130.

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• On a typical day, David is up first in the
  morning. He reports My day starts at 530 in the
  morning. I ge t up and take a shower, put wood in
  the stove if its winter time and then I eat
  breakfast . . . I make sure that her (Veronicas)
  light is on. I go upstairs and get dressed and in
  the course of my leaving I wake Theresa up to
  start her day. She proceeds to take care of the
  morning tasks getting the other children up,
  making all their breakfasts, and getting them all
  off to school. She does errands, volunteer work,
  or housework until Nicholas returns from
  kindergarten at 1130. She gets his lunch and
  spends a couple of hours with him until she needs
  to leave for work at approximate ly 245 P.M.

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• David gets home about 400.13 His evenings are
  full. He drives the children to their activities,
  make s their dinners, and cleans up. Four nights
  of the week, hes the parent who asks about their
  days at school, helps them with their homework,
  and plays with them. He handles all the bedtimes
  I make sure the showers are taken care of, then
  we have some type of a snack and then around 830
  I get Nicholas ready. I do half-hour increments.
  Nicholas between 800 and 830, Betsy between
  830 and 900, and Veronica . . . between 900
  and 930. At bedtime he spends time with all of
  them, but especially with the youngest, reading,
  talking, calming his fears. When bedtime is done
  , he makes the lunches for the next day, and then
  the re are a few minute s to relax. David and
  Theresa have an exceptionally egalitarian
  relationship. She claims it is 50-50, he says it
  is 60-40 in her favor, but both agree that each
  pitches in with what needs to be done regardless
  of the nature of the task.

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• Theresa says I dont think there are any male or
  female roles. If it snows and Im the one home, I
  shove l. If it snows and Im the one at work and
  David is home, he shovels. If I had a chance
  during the day to sort laundry into light and
  whites and didnt wash them, David will do the
  laundry. If he doesnt get to folding them Ill
  fold them. I think were both aware of what needs
  to be done.
• Nonetheless, she retains some aspects of a
  traditional maternal role . Shes the one that
  manage s the whole picture , keeping the family
  calendar, remembering a birthday is coming,
  planning the meals even when she doesnt cook
  them. Moreover, David sees Theresa as the
  emotional center of their family. Despite his
  developing capacity to nurture his children, when
  the children have problems, he still believes in
  a difference between mothers and fathers Theresa
  can just zing shes right there with them. I
  have to believe thats a mothers touch, some
  thing a father can work on and perhaps get, but
  probably never come into the capacity that a
  mother has. A mothers got that specialthey
  always know what to say at the right place at the
  right time to kids, whereas a father is a little
  bit more jagged on the edges. More than the
  economic benefits of avoiding paid daycare ,
  Theresa and David have been driven by the belief
  that their children would benefit from parental
  care. David says We were both very adamant about
  one thing and that was we wanted to make sure
  that our children were brought up by one of us
  and not by childcare...so in order to do that we
  knew we both couldnt work the same shift.
  Theresa agrees, and although they have missed
  time with each other, she expresses satisfaction
  in how theyve lived the ir live s as pare nts

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• For the few hours between the time Theresa leaves
  for work and when David comes home, their oldest
  daughter is paid to babysit for the younger
  children. Its worked out and I think thats why
  they (the children) are as good as they are.
  Because we have given one hundred per cent of
  what they needed.

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Braverman Ch 1-3, 13, 15, 16

• Background
• Key Concepts
• Labor, labor power
• Surplus Labor
• The division of labor Social division of labor
  the division of labor in detail
• scientific management TAYLORISM

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Universal market

• Ch 13 describes the dependence of out society on
  buying things, on commodities
• This leads to our dependence on money.
• It also creates a large service sectoor, going
  past factory production of thread, cloth, when
  people used to sew their clothes, to the cloth
  itself, and on to people you can hire to organize
  your wardrobe.

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Stopgap workers youth in labor in fast food and
Groceries(Stuart Tannock)