Director

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Directors Report to the National Advisory
Council on Drug Abuse
May 17, 2006
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NIDA BUDGET
(Thousands)
2007PB
2005Actual
2006Approp.
693,282
699,956
695,563 299,266 994,829
NonAIDS
313,137
300,073
AIDS
1,006,419
1,000,029
TOTAL
Increase Over Prior Year
1.2
-0.6
-0.5
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FY 2007 Budget NIH and the Transformation of
Medicine House Appropriations Subcommittee on
Labor/HHS/Education Elias A. Zerhouni,
M.D. Director
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Cancer

• For the first time in recorded history, annual
  cancer deaths in the United States have fallen
• 10 million survivors
• Improved effectiveness of early detection and
  screening
• Thanks to the doubling, new targeted, minimally
  invasive treatments for cancer multiplied
• New drugs developed for cancer prevention

Survivorship
9
6
Millions of People
3
1971
1986
1990
2003
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Transforming medicine through discovery
NIH
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Sharan Jayne
33 Interviews for Radio, TV, and Print Articles
Since February 2006
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Recent NIDA Activities
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NIDA Council Workgroups
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NIDA Basic Science Review Workgroup
NIDA Council
Linda Porrino, Ph.D, Chair Barry Lester,
Ph.D. John P. Rice, Ph.D.
Members
Workgroup Report Will Be Presented Today
Frank Ivy Carroll, Ph.D Yasmin Hurd, Ph.D. Guy
Cabral, Ph.D. Stanley Watson, M.D., Ph.D. Marina
Picciotto, Ph.D. Michael Nader, Ph.D. Kathryn
Cunningham, Ph.D.
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NIDAs Approach to Grant-Making Work Group
NIDA Council
Constance Weisner, Dr.P.H., M.S.W.
Chair David Vlahov, Ph.D. Claire E. Sterk,
Ph.D. Mark Greenberg, Ph.D. Rodolfo Arredondo,
Jr., Ed.D. Linda Porrino, Ph.D.
Members
Scott Lucas, Ph.D. Kathleen Carroll, Ph.D. Tom
Kosten, M.D.
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Social Neuroscience (RFA-DA-06-004)
Released November 10, 2005 receipt Date February
23, 2006 61 Applications
Prescription Opioid Use and Abuse in the
Treatment of Pain (RFA-DA-06-005)
Released November 18, 2005 Receipt Date February
23, 2006 89 Applications
Epigenetics of Addiction (RFA-DA-06-007)
Released October 2, 2005 Receipt Date January
23, 2006 43 Applications
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New NIDA PAs and RFAs
Cutting-Edge Basic Research Awards (CEBRA) (R21)
(PAR-06-209) Drug Abuse Aspects of HIV/AIDS and
Other Infections (R21) (PA-06-309) (R03)
(PA-06-310) Behavioral Science Track Award for
Rapid Transition (B/START) (R03)
(PA-06-300) Imaging-Science Track Award for
Rapid Transition (I/START) (R03)
(PA-06-311) Drug Abuse Prevention Intervention
Research (R21) (PA-06-317) (R03)
(PA-06-318) Inhalant Abuse Supporting
Broad-Based Research Approaches (R21)
(PA-06-327) (R03) (PA-06-328) Women, Sex/Gender
Differences and Drug Abuse (R21) (PA-06-331)
(R03) (PA-06-332) Epidemiology of Drug Abuse
(R21) (PA-06-329) (R03) (PA-06-330) Prescriptio
n Drug Abuse (R21) (PA-06-339) (R03)
(PA-06-340)
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PAs and RFAs Issued
With Other NIH Components/Agencies
43 New PAs and 1 New RFA

• Foci include
• Development
• Genetics
• HIV/AIDS
• Health Services
• Health Disparities
• Translational
• Research

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NIDA
National Institute on Drug Abuse
Office of the Director
Nora D. Volkow, MD
Director
Director, AIDS Research
HIV/AIDS Research
Special Populations Office
Timothy P. Condon, Ph.D.
Deputy Director
Laura S. Rosenthal
Associate Director for Management
Office of Extramural Affairs
Office of Planning Resource Management
Office of Science Policy Communications
Center for the Clinical Trials Network
Teresa Levitin, PhD
Laura Rosenthal
Timothy Condon, PhD
Betty Tai, PhD
Division of Epidemiology, Services Prevention
Research
Division of Pharmacotherapies Medical
Consequences of Drug Abuse
Division of Basic Neurosciences Behavior
Research
Intramural Research Program
Division of Clinical Neuroscience Behavioral
Research
David Shurtleff, PhD
Frank Vocci, PhD
Wilson Compton, MD, MPE
Barry Hoffer, MD, PhD
Joseph Frascella, PhD
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HIV Screening as Cost-Effective as Screening for
Colon Cancer and Other Conditions How can this
apply to CJ and other at-risk populations?
Paltiel, et al. and Sanders et al., NEJM 352(6),
2005.
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The Challenge Now Is to Change the Culture to
Increase Willingness To Accept More Widespread
Testing
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NIDA
National Institute on Drug Abuse
Office of the Director
Nora D. Volkow, MD
Director
Director, AIDS Research
Special Populations Office
Timothy P. Condon, Ph.D.
Deputy Director
Laura S. Rosenthal
Associate Director for Management
Office of Extramural Affairs
Office of Planning Resource Management
Office of Science Policy Communications
Center for the Clinical Trials Network
Teresa Levitin, PhD
Laura Rosenthal
Timothy Condon, PhD
Betty Tai, PhD
Division of Epidemiology, Services Prevention
Research
Division of Pharmacotherapies Medical
Consequences of Drug Abuse
Division of Basic Neurosciences Behavior
Research
Intramural Research Program
Division of Clinical Neuroscience Behavioral
Research
DPMCDA
David Shurtleff, PhD
Frank Vocci, PhD
Wilson Compton, MD, MPE
Barry Hoffer, MD, PhD
Joseph Frascella, PhD
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Outpatient Study Percent of Negative Urines
After Depot Naltrexone Administration
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
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Visits (2 per week)
Comer, S. D., Sullivan, M. A., Yu, E.,
Rothenberg, J. L., Kleber, H. D., Kampman, K. et
al. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 63, 210-218, 2006.
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Advantages of Depot Naltrexone

• Can be administered once a month
• Can be used in the prison system and the
• criminal justice systemensuring adherence
• to treatment
• Can be exported to countries that have opiate
  abuse problems but dont allow agonist therapy-
  Russia, Egypt
• May help to reduce HIV incidence resulting from
  i.v. drug abuse

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NIDA
National Institute on Drug Abuse
Office of the Director
Nora D. Volkow, MD
Director
Director, AIDS Research
Special Populations Office
Timothy P. Condon, Ph.D.
Deputy Director
Laura S. Rosenthal
Associate Director for Management
Office of Extramural Affairs
Office of Planning Resource Management
Office of Science Policy Communications
Center for the Clinical Trials Network
Teresa Levitin, PhD
Laura Rosenthal
Timothy Condon, PhD
Betty Tai, PhD
Division of Epidemiology, Services Prevention
Research
Division of Pharmacotherapies Medical
Consequences of Drug Abuse
Division of Basic Neurosciences Behavior
Research
Intramural Research Program
Division of Clinical Neuroscience Behavioral
Research
DESPR
David Shurtleff, PhD
Frank Vocci, PhD
Wilson Compton, MD, MPE
Barry Hoffer, MD, PhD
Joseph Frascella, PhD
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Criminal Justice Drug Abuse Treatment
Studies(CJ-DATS)
To improve outcomes for offenders with substance
use disorders through effective integration of
drug abuse treatment, public health, public
safety systems
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CJ System Replete with Addiction Access to
Medications is Needed
Maryland Prison Study Treatment Linkage and
Opiate-Free One Month Post Release (N100)
In Treatment
C vs. CM p lt .05
Urine Test Positive
C vs. CT and CM p lt .01
C Counseling Only CT Counseling
Treatment Referral CM Counseling Methadone
Started in Prison
Preliminary Analysis Tim Kinlock, et al., 2006
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NIDA
National Institute on Drug Abuse
Office of the Director
Nora D. Volkow, MD
Director
Director, AIDS Research
Special Populations Office
Timothy P. Condon, Ph.D.
Deputy Director
Laura S. Rosenthal
Associate Director for Management
Office of Extramural Affairs
Office of Planning Resource Management
Office of Science Policy Communications
Center for the Clinical Trials Network
Teresa Levitin, PhD
Laura Rosenthal
Timothy Condon, PhD
Betty Tai, PhD
Division of Epidemiology, Services Prevention
Research
Division of Pharmacotherapies Medical
Consequences of Drug Abuse
Division of Basic Neurosciences Behavior
Research
Intramural Research Program
Division of Clinical Neuroscience Behavioral
Research
DBNBR
David Shurtleff, PhD
Frank Vocci, PhD
Wilson Compton, MD, MPE
Barry Hoffer, MD, PhD
Joseph Frascella, PhD
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Whole Genome-wide Association Study Targeting
Nicotine Dependence
6 Million Common SNPs in Genome
Bullseye 81 SNPs show the most difference among
the cases and controls
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Initial p values of Top 40 K SNPs
Non-coding SNP
Coding SNP
Expected 44 SNPs at 10-4
Observed 81 SNPs at 10-4
Chromosome
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MANY OF THESE GENES HAVE SYNAPTIC FUNCTIONS
CELL ADHESION
NEURO- TRANSMISSION
SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION
TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS
Dean and Dresbach, TINS, 2006
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NIDA
National Institute on Drug Abuse
Office of the Director
Nora D. Volkow, MD
Director
Director, AIDS Research
Special Populations Office
Timothy P. Condon, Ph.D.
Deputy Director
Laura S. Rosenthal
Associate Director for Management
Office of Extramural Affairs
Office of Planning Resource Management
Office of Science Policy Communications
Center for the Clinical Trials Network
Teresa Levitin, PhD
Laura Rosenthal
Timothy Condon, PhD
Betty Tai, PhD
Division of Epidemiology, Services Prevention
Research
Division of Pharmacotherapies Medical
Consequences of Drug Abuse
Division of Basic Neurosciences Behavior
Research
Intramural Research Program
Division of Clinical Neuroscience Behavioral
Research
DCNBR
David Shurtleff, PhD
Frank Vocci, PhD
Wilson Compton, MD, MPE
Barry Hoffer, MD, PhD
Joseph Frascella, PhD
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Using Brain Imaging Technology
to better communicate with adolescents

• fMRI used to determine
• Coke vs. Pepsi preference
• fMRI used to determine
• preference for
• Super Bowl commercials

McClure et al., 2004
Iacoboni et al., 2006
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NIDA
National Institute on Drug Abuse
Office of the Director
Nora D. Volkow, MD
Director
Director, AIDS Research
Special Populations Office
Timothy P. Condon, Ph.D.
Deputy Director
Laura S. Rosenthal
Associate Director for Management
Office of Extramural Affairs
Office of Planning Resource Management
Office of Science Policy Communications
Center for the Clinical Trials Network
CCTN
Teresa Levitin, PhD
Laura Rosenthal
Timothy Condon, PhD
Betty Tai, PhD
Division of Epidemiology, Services Prevention
Research
Division of Pharmacotherapies Medical
Consequences of Drug Abuse
Division of Basic Neurosciences Behavior
Research
Intramural Research Program
Division of Clinical Neuroscience Behavioral
Research
David Shurtleff, PhD
Frank Vocci, PhD
Wilson Compton, MD, MPE
Barry Hoffer, MD, PhD
Joseph Frascella, PhD
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Research Utilization
An Example with Adoption of Buprenorphine
An Example with Adoption of Motivation Incentive
Source Roman et al Presented 2006
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NIH Roadmap
ACCELERATING MEDICAL DISCOVERY TO IMPROVE HEALTH
NIDA FY 2004 Roadmap Awards (NIDAs FY04
Contribution 3.4M)              
                                               
              Year 1              Year 2 
-    7 Grants Awarded to NIDA Researchers  
    2,065,403       3,139,055 -    15 Grants
Related to NIDAs Research         2,490,070    
   2,547,116 -    Total Amount of 1st and 2nd
Year Awards      4,555,473       5,686,171
NIDA FY 2005 Roadmap Awards (NIDAs FY05
Contribution 6.36M)  
                                       
                    Year 1 -    8 Grants
Awarded to NIDA Researchers       1,516,243  
-    16 Grants Related to NIDAs Research   
     14,591,510 -    Total Amount of First Year
Awards             16,152,753
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Recent and Upcoming Meetings, Conferences and
Events
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Recent NIDA Sponsored Meetings
Sponsored by New York Academy of Sciences with
Brown Medical School February 26-28, 2006
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10th Annual PRISM AWARDS
April 27, 2006
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Preventing Drug Abuse A Developmental Science
A Congressional Briefing Sponsored by
The FRIENDS OF NIDA
Monday, June 12, 2006 Noon - 200 pm (Lunch will
be served) Rayburn House Office Building Room
2168 (Gold Room)
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BLENDING
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Advantages

• May be prescribed in physicians offices or OTPs
• Better safety profile than full agonists
• Less likelihood of overdose
• Lower abuse potential / lower diversion
• Easier to stop If withdrawal occurs, its mild
  to moderate
• Candidate for initial opiate for narcotic
  addiction therapy
• Might be used as a transition to antagonist or
  drug-free therapy