History of Technology and Relation to Information Warfare

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Lecture 2
History of Technology and Relation to Information
Warfare
Mohamed Sharif
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Lecture Contents

• What is technology?
• What is High technology?
• Technology History
• Chinese Technology
• Western Technology
• Internet
• Internet tools and Malicious Software
• Technology in the recent wars

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What is Technology?

• According to one dictionary
• The study, development, and application of
  devices, machines, and techniques for
  manufacturing and productive processes
• A method or methodology that applies technical
  knowledge or tools.

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What is Technology?

• According to Michael Patrick Technology is the
  practical application of knowledge gained through
  theoretical research to specific production
  problem.
• According to Alan Paau Technology knowledge to
  do something
• According to Andrew Grove Technology drives
  change.

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What is High Technology?

• High technology is based on a reference point
  and that reference point is time.
• Example
• Telephone and Mobile phone
• Copper wire and Optical fiber

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The Chariot and other Wheeled Vehicles

• Give us your stuff!

I gotta get me one of those!
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The Bow

• Cool! This thing is high-tech!

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The Composite Bow
The composite bow had four times the range of a
standard bow and may have given the Akkadians
tactical superiority over the Sumerians (Iraq,
mid 3rd millennium B.C.)

• http//www.theaha.org/tl/LessonPlans/nc/Kinard/na
  ramsin.htm

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Gunpowder

• China 10th century CE

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Transport
and
Logistics
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Chinese Technology

• Abacus 3000 B.C.
• Medical 2205 1766 B.C.
• Chemical warfare 403 206 B.C.
• Steel from cast iron 206 220 B.C.
• Parachute 206 - 220 B.C.
• Mechanical Clock 589 618 A.C.
• Gunpowder 618 - 907 A.D.
• Bomb 960 1279 A.D.

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Western Technology

• Some of the technological invention in the 17th
  Century are
• Telescope
• Mechanical Calculator
• Human-powered submarine
• Steam Turbine
• Rifles
• Pistols
• Air pump
• Steam pump

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Western Technology (Conti.)

• Some of the technological invention in the 18th
  Century are
• Steam engine
• Electric Telegraph
• Hot-air balloon
• Submarine
• Steamship
• Bicycle
• Smallpox vaccination
• Battery

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Western Technology (Conti.)

• Some of the technological invention in the 19th
  Century are
• Telegraph
• Telephone
• Amphibious vehicle
• Armored worship
• Machine Gun
• Radar
• Roll Film for camera
• Barbed wire
• Dynamite

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Western Technology (Conti.)

• Some of the technological invention in the 20th
  Century are
• Airplane
• Radio receiver
• Atomic bomb
• Hydrogen bomb
• Television
• Computer
• Reliable Encryption Algorithm
• Optical fiber
• Internet

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Moores Law
The capacity or circuit density of
semiconductors doubles every 18 months or
quadruples every three years
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What is Internet ?

• The Internet is a worldwide IP network, that
  links collection of different networks from
  various sources, governmental, educational and
  commercial.
• Network of the networks
• Also known as cyberspace and global information
  infrastructure (GII)

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What is Internet ? (Conti.)
According to John Perry Barlow The Internet is
too widespread to be easily dominated by any
single government. By creating a seamless
global-economic zone, anti-sovereign and
unregulatable, the Internet calls into question
the very idea of the nation-state.
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Internet

• Some of The Internet application are
• E-mail
• USNET
• WWW
• Search
• E-commerce
• Distance Learning

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Internet (Conti)

• Internet is the newest battlefield in the
  information warfare with dual use because
• Hundreds of Internet Service Providers (ISP)
• No protection and defensive standards
• Few regulations

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Internet tools and Malicious Software (Conti)

• Some of the Internet tools and other malicious
  software are used in the information warfare
• Hacker tools
• Viruses
• Worms
• Trojan horses
• Logic bombs

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Internet tools and Malicious Software (Conti)

• Cookies
• Steganography
• Encryption
• Processor serial number

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Tools of Warfare in the context of the Evolution
of Technology

• Agrarian

Industrial
Information
Subs Tanks Planes Missiles
Computers Satellites Communications Smart weapons
Bows arrows Swords Guns
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Technology in the recent wars

• German submarine Wolf Packs proved to be an
  important force during WWI.
• During WWII, a brilliant Polish cryptanalyst
  named Rejewski figured out how the German Enigma
  machines worked and shared this with the Allies.
  Recovered code books revealed that weather
  information was being used as encryption keys.

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Technology in the recent wars (Cont.)

• With this intelligence, code-breakers at
  Bletchley Park in England were able to break the
  German codes. This meant that the Allied convoys
  could avoid the German subs and many subs were
  sunk. This was a turning point in the war.
• US used precision guided munitions in the Gulf
  war in 1991 and Iraq war in 2003