Presentation Groups Sec A

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Presentation Groups Sec A
FRONT OF ROOM
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Presentation Groups Sec B
FRONT OF ROOM
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Chapter 9Motivation
What do you think should we get started on
that motivation research or not?
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THE BIG QUESTION HOW DO YOU MOTIVATE EMPLOYEES?
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Taylor Scientific Management

• Frederick Taylor 100 years ago
• Time-motion studies best way to do a task
• Nowadays
• Do you think this approach is de-humanizing?
  Does it treat employees too much like machines?

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Hawthorne Studies

• 75 years ago
• originally intended to test how lighting affects
  productivity
• productivity went up when lighting increased
• productivity went up more when lighting was
  decreased
• revealed the importance of motivation

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Maslows Hierarchy of Needs
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Maslows Hierarchy of Needs

• example my former secretary
• Where would you place yourself on this hierarchy?
  What would motivate you best? (If you have
  chosen your career why did you choose it?)
• Where do you think most people in PEI would fit?
  How do you get the best performance out of such
  people?

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Maslows Hierarchy of Needs

• Andy Grove (CEO of Intel) believes in this.
  Prof Gary Evans (UPEI) does not. What about
  you? Are there some aspects to it that you think
  are not quite right?

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Theories X Y

• general shift from authoritarianism towards
  empowerment
• managers shift

• Theory X assumptions
• people try to avoid work
• people must be coerced (threatened) to do their
  work
• people prefer direction they have little
  ambition
• best motivators are fear and money

• Theory Y assumptions
• people like work
• people are committed to work based on rewards
• people seek responsibility
• people use ingenuity to solve problems
• most people are capable of much more than they
  achieve
• people are motivated by positive rewards

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Theories X Y

• Theory X managers arent all old
• examples
• Andersen new seniors
• reason often fear
• Think about some employers, coaches, music
  teachers and/or school teachers you have had.
  Can you classify them as Theory X or Theory Y?
  How effective were they?
• Do you think the Theory X assumptions have any
  merit?

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Herzbergs Motivating Factors

• about 40 years ago asked workers what motivates
  them

• Sense of achievement
• Earned recognition
• Interesting work
• Opportunity for growth
• Opportunity for advancement
• Importance of responsibility
• Peer and group relationships

• Pay
• Supervisors fairness
• Company policies and rules
• Status
• Job security
• Supervisors friendliness
• Working conditions

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Herzbergs Motivating Factors

• Does the location of pay surprise you on this
  list?
• Some of you involved in sports what motivates
  you in sports (or arts)? Do your highest
  motivations come up high on this list?

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Herzbergs Motivating Factors

• Motivators
• work itself
• achievement
• recognition
• responsibility
• growth advancement

• Hygiene Factors
• company policy administration
• supervision
• working conditions
• interpersonal relations
• salary, status, job security

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Herzbergs Motivating Factors

• Do you buy this theory? Do you think the
  distinction between motivators and hygiene
  factors is valid?
• How generously should a firm pay its employees?
• way above the industry average?
• slightly above the industry average?
• at industry average?
• slightly below the industry average?
• way below the industry average?
• How would each of these pay levels affect
  motivation levels?
• Suppose in the business school we opened up a
  student-run café and you were managing it. Given
  the above, how would you motivate your employees
  to be friendly (based on Herzbergs theories)?

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Herzbergs Motivating Factors

• Suppose in the business school we opened up a
  student-run café and you were managing it. Given
  the above, how would you motivate your employees
  to be friendly (based on Herzbergs theories)?

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Job Enrichment

• Elements
• Skill variety
• Task identity
• Task significance
• Autonomy
• Feedback
• Job ownership
• My work is important
• Im good at what I do

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Equity Theory

• somewhat related to hygiene factor of Herzberg
• employees care more about being treated fairly
  than about how much they get
• parable of the workers
• UPEI profs
• Why do you think people compare what they get
  with what others get?

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Equity Theory

• Pay of females versus males
• Equal Pay for Equal Work

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Open Communication

• open communication is not the norm
• pay is secret
• performance evaluations are secret
• job costs are secret
• plans are secret (e.g. when I left Andersen)
• some law firms list partners in order of
  billings
• in school marks are secret
• Why do people in our society value secrecy so
  much?
• What is the downside to complete openness?

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Facilities Design
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Facilities Design

• UPEI business school
• If the business school gets a new building what
  building features should be incorporated to
  motivate students towards better performance?

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So .

• No easy formula to motivating employees
• But everyone agrees that it is important
• As a manager it might be the single most
  important skill that you can have
• (a lot of you are going to be managers)
• it is challenging because different people
  respond differently to various incentives
• despite these differences across people (or
  perhaps because of it), it sure pays to be
  informed on the research