PowerPoint Presentation MATERIALS HANDLING

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The Back and Material Handling Issues
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The Spinal Column
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The Basic Structure
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Epidemiology of Back Injuries

• Short Term or acute effects
• Sharp Surfaces
• Dropped Material
• Struck-by Moving Materials
• Mechanical Stress
• Slips and Falls
• Simpler Cause and effect relationship

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Epidemiology

• Chronic or Long Term Effects
• Back Ache or Pain
• Disc Degeneration
• Cause and effect not as simple, more difficult
  to analyze

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Return to Work

• Out more than 6 months only 50 chance of
  returning
• One year only 25
• Management and Practitioner Training
• One study showed that claims dropped from 200K
  to 20K per year by providing modified work and
  conservative treat

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Material Handling

• Lifting/Lowering
• Pushing/Pulling
• Carrying
• Weights and Forces
• Frequency of Activities
• Load Center of Gravity

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Material Handling
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Job Risk Factors

• Weight of the Object
• Location (position of load w.r.t. worker)
• Frequency of Lifts
• Stability of the Load
• Hand Coupling
• Workplace Geometry Twisting/Stooping
• Environmental Factors

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Personal Risk Factors

• Gender
• Age
• Anthropometry
• Lift technique
• Attitude
• Strength
• Training

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Examples of Manual Handling Controls

• Avoid extreme range of motion when lifting
• Redesign work station/work area to allow freedom
  of movement
• Provide handles on material handling equipment
• Provide lift-assist devices and tables
• Unit Load Concept

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Job Design

• Can reduce one-third of compensable LBP
• Minimize reach and lift distances
• Keep off floor
• Work station design
• Frequency
• Relax time standard
• Rotation
• Work-Rest allowances

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Job Design

• Minimize Weight
• Mechanical aids
• Carton capacity
• Balance contents
• Convert
• Carry to push/pull
• Push over pull
• Use large wheels

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Training

• Focus on awareness and avoidance
• Get object as close to body as possible
• Planning
• Use of handling aids
• Back Schools
• Strength and fitness important

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NIOSH Lifting Equation1991 Version
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NIOSH Lifting Equation

• Objective Reduce occurrence of lifting-related
  LBP
• 1981 and 1991 equations
• 1981 limited to sagittal plane
• 1991 includes asymmetry and coupling

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Disqualifiers for Use

• One handed lifts
• More than 8 hours
• Seated or kneeling
• Restricted work space
• Unstable Objects
• Carrying, pushing or pulling while lifting

• Wheelbarrows or shovels
• High speed motion
• Unreasonable foot/floor coupling
• Unfavorable environment

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Definition of Terms

• RWL Recommended weight limit
• LC Load constant
• HM Horizontal multiplier
• VM Vertical multiplier

• DM Distance multiplier
• AM Asymmetric multiplier
• FM Frequency multiplier
• CM Coupling multiplier

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1991 Equation
RWL LC x HM x VM x DM x AM x FM x CM
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1991 Guide

• Compare RWL to Actual Load (L)
• If Greater than or equal to 1 problem

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Lifting Index
L RWL
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1991 Multipliers

• LC 51 Pounds
• HM 10/H
• VM 1-.0075 x / V-30/
• DM .82 (1.8/D)
• AM 1 (.0032 x A)
• FM go to Table
• CM go to Table

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NIOSH Worksheet
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Lifting Example
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NIOSH Workshop
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NIOSH Workshop
Start of Lift
End of Lift
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NIOSH 1991 Lifting Calculator
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WISHACalculator for Analyzing Lifting Operations
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www.lni.wa.gov/wisha/ergo/calculator/ergo_workshop
IE.htm
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WISHA Workshop
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WISHA

• If the job is a hazard
• Reduce weight of load
• Increase weight of load so that it requires
  mechanical assist
• Reduce the capacity of the container
• Etc.

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References

• Applications guide for the revised NIOSH lifting
  equation On CD
• Elements of Ergonomic Programs On CD
• Musculoskeletal Disorders and Workplace Factors
  On CD
• Work Practices Guide for Manual Lifting
• NIOSH 81-122

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What does the worker need to know from this
presentation?