Gender Variance

1
Gender Variance

• How does it occur
• When does it happen

2
 What is Gender? and What is  Sex?

•  Sex biological classification "male" or "female"
  
• Gender psychological identification "man" or
  "woman"

3
When does it begin?

• The very moment of conception
• Studies are continually shedding more light
• On how an embryo becomes male or female
• And how this process sometimes goes array

4
All embryos

• Are identical in external appearance for the
  first eight weeks
• Several factors nudge the infant toward male or
  female development

5
In the seventh week

• the embryo has both male and female primordial
  ducts
• In the normal female fetus, the millerian duct
• system then develops into oviducts and a uterus

6
Male

• In the normal male fetus, the wolferian duct
  system
• each side develops into the epididymis and vas
  deferens

7
Genetalia

• The external genitalia are bipotential until the
  eighth week
• The reproductive organs and genitals associated
  with "female" or "male
• Come from the same initial (fetal) tissue
• The urogenital slit disappears and male genitalia
  form
• Or it remains open, and female genitalia form.

8
If the Egg

• Fertilized with the x chromosome female
  structures continue to mature
• The default system.
• Fertilized with the y chromosome
• A hormonal switch occurs
• Two genes are activated and the female structures
  are completely dissolved
• The male organs take their place.

9
Some embryos step off track.

• Rat mothers placed in stress
• during the equivalent of the first trimester
• Have rat sons with female (Lordic) behavior.

10
Fetal Endocrine

• Effects due to endocrine disrupting chemicals
• Occur in concentrations as low as parts per
  trillion
• The fetal endocrine system is more sensitive to
  disruption than any other known body system.
• Hormones from an external source
• Many commonly used chemicals and materials
• Are estrogenic, anti-estrogenic, androgenic, and
  anti-androgenic
• These chemicals can also affect enzymes which
  amplify the effect of hormones

11
Disruptors

• Endocrine disruptors in the fetus
• Change this "correct" value to
• Some value which is not programmed by genetics.
• Chemicals modulate (up or down) the reception or
  secretion of hormones in any of these glands
• Change the concentrations of hormones which have
  been programmed by genetics
• Which are produced by the fetus during
  development.

12
Disrupting Chemicals

• Endocrine disrupting chemicals
• Behave much like natural hormones
• But interfering signals result in erroneous
  decisions at the cellular level
• The cell's receptors accept both endocrine
  disruptors and natural hormones as valid signals
• Communication between the central nervous system
  and cells of the body
• In part, controlled by hormones which act as
  chemical messengers to direct the activity of
  cells.

13
Exposure to Chemicals

• Exposure to a wide variety of endocrine
  disrupting chemicals
• Present in the environment
• Produce disruptions to the fetal endocrine system
• Which produce numerous developmental anomalies
• Including varying degrees of gender dysphoria
• And intersex conditions

14
Intersexual

• There are 72 recognized conditions
• Only some have ambiguous genetaila
• Include those that are with out gene mapping
  undetectable
• Can include those that are XYY, XXY, XXYY

15
Gender Variants

• Can Include
• CD Crossdressers, those that wear the clothing of
  the other sex
• Equally male and female (dual gender)
• TG transgenderist Generally spend more time in
  opposite sex role
• TS Transsexuals Gender is the opposite of birth
  sex

16
Population
17
Identity
18
Conclusion

• Most research points to a physiological reason
• For Gender Variance
• Who do you know that is?

19
Who?

• Who they are

20
The first evidence