Gross Anatomy Reproductive System 1

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Gross Anatomy Reproductive System 1

• Harold J. Sheedlo, Ph.D.
• Department of Cell Biology and Genetics

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Arteries of Pelvis and Perineum

• Abdominal Aorta
• Common iliac arteries (L4)
• External iliac artery
• Inferior epigastric artery
• Deep circumflex iliac artery

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Arteries of Pelvis and Perineum

• Abdominal Aorta
• Common iliac arteries
• Internal iliac artery
• Posterior division
• Iliolumbar artery
• Superior gluteal artery
• Lateral sacral arteries

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Arteries of Pelvis and Perineum

• Internal iliac artery
• Anterior division
• Obturator artery
• Umbilical artery
• Vaginal/uterine artery
• Inferior vesical artery
• Middle rectal artery
• Internal pudendal artery
• Inferior gluteal artery

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Muscles of Pelvis

• Piriformis muscle
• Obturator internus muscle
• Coccygeus muscle
• Levator ani muscles
• Iliococcygeus muscle
• Pubococcygeus muscle
• Puborectalis muscle

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Muscles of Perineum

• Ischiocavernosus muscle
• Bulbospongiosus muscle
• Sphincter urethrae muscle
• Deep transverse perineal muscle
• Superficial transverse perineal muscle

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Ligaments of Pelvis

• Sacrotuberous ligament
• Sacrospinous ligament
• Suspensory ligament of ovary
• Proper ligament of ovary
• Broad ligament
• Mesometrium
• Mesovarium
• Mesosalpinx

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Ligaments of Pelvis

• Round ligament of uterus
• Cardinal ligament - uterine vessels

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Nerves of Pelvis and Perineum

• Lumbosacral trunk (L4, L5)
• Sacral plexus - ventral rami of S1, S2, S3 and
  S4
  
• Pudendal nerve (S2, S3, S4)
• Perineal nerve
• Inferior rectal nerve
• Dorsal nerve of clitoris or penis
• Obturator nerve (L3, L4)
• Inferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1, S2)
• Superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1)

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Veins of Pelvis and Perineum

• Inferior vena cava (L5)
• Common iliac veins
• Internal iliac veins
• External iliac veins (femoral vein)
• Testicular or ovarian veins (left or right)

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Female Organs

• Infundibulum of uterine tube
• Fimbriae
• Ampulla of uterine tube
• Isthmus of uterine tube
• Uterine part
• Uterus
• Fundus
• Body
• Internal os

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Female Organs

• Cervix
• Internal os
• External os
• Vagina
• Fornices
• Vestibule
• Vulva

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Male Organs

• Scrotum
• Skin
• Superficial (Dartos) fascia
• External spermatic fascia
• Cremaster muscle
• Internal spermatic fascia
• Testis
• Tunica vaginalis - parietal and visceral layers
• Epididymis
• Tunica albuginea - seminiferous tubules

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Male Organs

• Ductus (vas) deferens
• Seminal vesicles
• Prostate
• Ejaculatory ducts
• Lobes
• Middle - benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
• Posterior - cancer prone

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Male Organs

• Corpus caverosum (corpora cavernosa)
• Corpus spongiosum
• Prostatic urethra
• Membranous urethra
• Spongy urethra

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Male and Female Pelvis

• Sacrum
• Ischial tuberosities
• Shape of pelvic inlet
• Pelvic inlet to pelvic outlet
• Pubic arch
• Size of pelvic cavity

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Perineum

• Boundaries
• Anal triangle
• Urogenital triangle

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Urinary Bladder

• Posterior of retropubic space
• Apex is anterior
• Ureters enter bladder posteroinferior
• Trigone - orifices of ureters and uvula of
  bladder
  
• Interureteric crest
• Vesicouterine pouch - female
• Rectovesical pouch - male

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Rectum

• Arterial supply
• Superior rectal artery
• Middle and inferior rectal arteries
• Venous drainage
• Superior rectal vein
• Middle and inferior rectal veins

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Anus

• Anal columns
• Anal valves
• Pectinate line
• Upper half and lower half of anal canal joins
• Differences
• Epithelium (SCE, SSE)
• Anal columns
• Nervous innervation
• Arterial supply (SRA, IRA)
• Venous drainage (SRV, IRV)
• Lymphatic drainage

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Examinations

• Rectal examination
• Male - prostate, seminal vesicle
• Female - cervix
• Bimanual examination in female
• Uterus
• Uterine tube
• Ovary

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Clinical

• Hemorrhoids
• Internal - srv
• External - irv
• Hysterectomy
• Uterine artery
• Ureter
• Vasectomy
• Episiotomy
• Pudendal nerve block

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Practical Examination

• 25 gross anatomy and 10 histology
• Gross anatomy
• 1 x-ray (computer)
• 1 cross section (computer)
• 9 second order

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Practical Examination

• Gross anatomy
• 3 arteries
• 2 nerves
• 3 veins
• 8 structures or organs
• 4 regions
• 1 muscle
• 2 bones

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Practical Examination

• Gross anatomy
• 7 female structures
• 6 first order
• 1 second order
• 7 male structures
• 4 first order
• 3 second order
• Histology (computer)
• 5 female and 5 male
• 5 first order
• 5 second order