Water, water everywhere but nary a drop to drink

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Water, water everywhere but nary a drop to drink?

• Susan Foster
• IH 736

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Water quality, quantity, security, and conflict

• Why do we need water?
• Where is water found?
• What are the current and future issues for
• water availability
• quality
• security and conflict

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Why do we need water?

• basic physiology
• How much per day?
• Washing
• Food production
• Agriculture and livestock
• As a source of food fishing
• Industry and manufacturing
• Transport

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Sens five instrumental freedoms

• political freedoms-- "opportunities to determine
  who should govern and on what principlesan
  uncensored pressfreedom to choose between
  different political parties political dialogue,
  dissent and critique voting rights and
  participatory selection of legislators and
  executives."
• economic facilities "opportunities to utilize
  economic resources for the purpose of
  consumption, or production, or exchange." The
  quantity of income as well as how it is
  distributed ... Availability and access to
  finance

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Sens five freedoms (contd)

• social opportunities -- arrangements society
  makes for education, health care, etc.
• transparency guarantees -- a justified
  expectation of disclosure and clarity.
  preventing corruption
• protective security -- a social safety net that
  prevents sections of the population from being
  reduced to abject misery

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Palm Springs house
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Ganges scene
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Ganges scene clothes washing
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Ganges scene buffalo washing themselves
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Gathering water from the Nile
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Transporting wood on the Nile
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Where is water found?

• Oceans the vast majority of the worlds water is
  saline
• Rivers, lakes, inland (freshwater) seas
• Patterns of settlement along rivers water
  source, transport
• Recycled water Thames Water and 6 pairs of
  kidneys
• Groundwater reserves

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Water problems

• Quality
• Pollution
• Contamination with sewage
• Human and animal waste
• Industrial
• Arsenic and other contaminants
• Including in groundwater e.g. Bangladesh
• Salinity encroachment of the sea

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Water problems, contd.

• Quantity
• Population growth, patterns of settlement,
  urbanization, shifting rivers unequal use
• Competing uses agriculture vs. swimming pools

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Politics and water

• Diversion of water and disputes over rights
• Aral Sea
• Jordan River
• Colorado River (US and Mexico)
• Disputes over use
• Los Angeles vs Central Valley agriculture
• Issue around the price to pay
• Palm Springs??
• Dams and downstream effects
• India and Bangladesh
• Pollution whos responsible?

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Aral Sea, 1973
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Aral Sea, 1987
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Aral Sea, 1999