GLOBAL

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GLOBAL HISTORY REVIEW

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STATE REGENTS EXAM Global History
TUESDAY- June 21st Report Time ....
815 A.M.
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Time / Length Take your time
- 2 hour minimum 830 AM 1030
AM - 3 hour maximum
1130 AM
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ESSAY Thematic KEY - the Topic HOW
it affected History Topics - Review
sheet - Geography - Belief
systems - Problems
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What will be covered ? HIGHLIGHTS

• Geography Climate
• Global Concerns/Problems
• Belief Systems

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HISTORICAL ERAs

• Pre-historic Era
• 3500 BCE - 500 BCE - Ancient
  Civilizations
• 500 BCE - 500 AD - Ancient Greece Rome

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HISTORICAL ERAs

• 500 - 1200 AD - Islam Middle Ages
• 1200 - 1500 AD - Mongols -
  Renaissance - Reformation

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HISTORICAL ERAs

• 1500 - 1700 AD - World Exploration -
  Monarchy
• 1770 - 1900 AD - Revolutions -
  Industrial Revolution - Nationalism -
  Imperialism

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HISTORICAL ERAs

• 1900 - 1945 - World War I entangling
  alliances - Hitler Stalin - World
  War II
• 1945 - - - Present - Cold War -
  Nationalism - Global Interdependence -
  World Problems

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FORMAT for the rest of THIS review -
Notes . . . . . key terms /
names - 1 Question . . . . - - - gt the
answer the correct answer is
underlined
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Geography

• DESCRIBE
• IMPACT How does it affect? - History -
  Way people LIVE - Economics .

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Geography

• Physical Features- Sahara Desert, Himalayas,
  Ural Mountains, Northern European Plain, Alps,
  English Channel, Japanese archipelago, Nile
  River, Mediterranean Sea, Panama Canal,
  Andes Mountains
• Climate - Monsoons, Typhoons, Drought, Polar
  Climate Mediterranean Climate, Tropical Climate

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1. The varied climate and topography of
Latin America have directly led to 1. the
deforestation of the region. 2. the
development of many diverse cultures. 3.
overpopulation in rural areas. 4. rapid
political unification.
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1. The VARIED climate and topography of
Latin America have directly led to 1. the
deforestation of the region. 2. the
development of many DIVERSE cultures. 3.
overpopulation in rural areas. 4. rapid
political unification. . . . Isolation . . .
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Geography

• NATURAL RESOURCES- fresh water, oil, gold,
  uranium, navigable rivers
• OR LACK OF - Natural resources water,
  energy - fresh water - energy sources
  oil, nuclear, water, wind - navigable
  waterways

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2. Which characteristic did the early
civilizations that developed along the Nile,
the Tigris-Euphrates, and the Hwang-Ho
(Yellow River) have in common? 1. Each societys
religious beliefs were based on
monotheism. 2. Urban communities were built
using iron and steel tools. 3. The form of
government in each community was based on
male suffrage. 4. Transportation and
communication were promoted by a mild
climate, fertile soil, and natural waterways.
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2. Which characteristic did the early
civilizations that developed along the Nile,
the Tigris-Euphrates, and the Hwang-Ho
(Yellow River) have in common? 1. Each societys
religious beliefs were based on
monotheism. 2. Urban communities were built
using iron and steel tools. 3. The form of
government in each community was based on
male suffrage. 4. Transportation and
communication were promoted by a mild
climate, fertile soil, and natural waterways.
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3. Russias / the Soviet Unions cold climate
which often resulted in long winters,
affected the history and economics of
Russia / the Soviet Union by its (the
countrys) lack of 1. natural resources.
2. democratic governments. 3.
navigable river systems. 4. warm-water
ports.
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3. Russias / the Soviet Unions cold climate
which often resulted in long winters, affected
the history and economics of Russia / the Soviet
Union by its (the countrys) lack of 1.
natural resources. 2. democratic
governments. 3. navigable river
systems. 4. warm-water ports. IMPACT
OF GEOGRAPHY ON HISTORY Catherine the Great
Peter the Great ...
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4. One reason many nations joined together
to fight the Persian Gulf War in 1990-91
was that Kuwait 1. was threatened by the
Soviet Union 2. is the main exporter of
gold to Asia 3. is a major source of oil
for Western Europe and Japan 4.
is the only democracy in the Middle East
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4. One reason many nations joined together
to fight the Persian Gulf War in 1990-91
was that Kuwait 1. was threatened by the
Soviet Union 2. is the main exporter of
gold to Asia 3. is a major source of oil
for Western Europe and Japan 4.
is the only democracy in the Middle East . . .
Oil OPEC . . . . . . LACK OF water . . .
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GLOBAL Problems

• DESCRIBE
• IMPACT
• SOLUTION

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GLOBAL Problems

• Environmental- Desertification . Desert
  expands,
  farmland decreases- Deforestation
• Natural Resources - Water - Trees paper,
  furniture, housing - Arable Land . You can
  grow food - Energy Coal Nuclear
  Trees Hydroelectric

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5. Which environmental problem affects large
areas in both the Amazon Basin and central
Africa? 1. deforestation 2. nuclear
waste 3. acid rain 4. air pollution
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5. Which ENVIRONMENTAL problem affects large
areas in both the Amazon Basin and central
Africa? 1. deforestation 2. nuclear
waste 3. acid rain 4. air pollution
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THEMATIC ESSAY - Problem deforestation
- Describe it . . . . - Possible
Solutions . . . .
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GLOBAL Problems

• Pollution Air Water Solid
  Chemical - Global Warming - Greenhouse
  Effect - Drought .... Lack of water -
  southern Africa Zimbabwe, Zambia

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GLOBAL Problems

• Overpopulation - Hunger, Famine, Infant
  Mortality - China (1 Child Policy) -
  India (Sterilization)
• Urbanization Slums Labor Abuse Modern ?

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6. During the Industrial Revolution many
people move from rural areas to the cities
because 1. family ties were becoming
stronger and more important. 2. crime
and disease were decreasing in cities. 3.
economies based on bartering were
replacing money economies. 4. better jobs
were available in cities.
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6. During the Industrial Revolution many
people move from rural areas to the cities
(urban areas) because 1. family ties were
becoming stronger and more important.
2. crime and disease were decreasing in
cities. 3. economies based on bartering
were replacing money economies. 4.
better jobs were available in cities. . . .
GOOD VS BAD (Problems)
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GLOBAL Problems

• Technology- Military Weapons -
  Nuclear- Computers . . . Internet -
  almost MUST have, but - Viruses
  - Privacy- Space - Space Shuttle
  - Satellites

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GLOBAL Problems

• Political - Self - determination rule
  yourself - Terrorism - Freedom fighters
  vs Killers - Human Rights - Women
  Iran . Islamic Fundamentalism - Prison
  Labor China . Communists - Child Labor
  underdeveloped nations - Political
  China .. Communism

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7. The main goal of the Palestine
Liberation Organization (P.L.O.) is to
1. win parliamentary seats in Israel.
2. strengthen Israeli control over
the Occupied territories. 3. reduce
international involvement in Middle
Eastern affairs. 4. create an independent
Palestinian state.
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7. The main goal of the Palestine
Liberation Organization (P.L.O.) is to
1. win parliamentary seats in Israel. 2.
strengthen Israeli control over the
Occupied territories. 3. reduce
international involvement in Middle
Eastern affairs. 4. create an independent
Palestinian state. . . . NATIONALISM ?
. . .TERRORISM ? SURVIVAL . . . INTIFADA . . .
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BELIEF SYSTEMS ..

• DESCRIBE
• IMPACT How does it affect? - Way people
  LIVE - History Politics - Economics

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BELIEF SYSTEMS Middle East

• JUDAISM
• CHRISTIANITY
• ISLAM - Monotheistic - Jerusalem

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BELIEF SYSTEMS Judaism

• BELIEFS
• - Yahweh
• - Jerusalem
• - Torah, Talmud
• - Synagogue/Sabbath
• - Kosher

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BELIEF SYSTEMS Judaism

• IMPACT - Judao-Christian religion/beliefs 1
  God - Diaspora - Jews spread - Anti-Semitism
  in Medieval Europe Jews persecuted -
  ex Holocaust, pogroms in Russia - Israel
  created . . . Intifada . . .

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BELIEF SYSTEMS Christianity

• BELIEFS
• - God AND Jesus
• - Jerusalem/Rome/Constant
• - Bible
• - Church Sunday
• - Christmas Easter

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BELIEF SYSTEMS Christianity

• IMPACT - preserved knowledge Middle Ages -
  the Crusades - Latin America united people,
  ethnocentrism - Renaissance Reformation -
  Absolute Monarchy Divine Right

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BELIEF SYSTEMS Islam

• BELIEFS
• - Allah 5 Pillars - Mosque, Friday,
  Pray 5 times
• - Mecca Medina
• - Koran/Sharia
• - Ramadan

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BELIEF SYSTEMS Islam

• IMPACT- Golden Age of Islam learning -
  common Culture- Crusades- India Sepoy
  Mutiny- partition of Pakistan/India -
  Kashmir- Islamic Fundamentalism- Jerusalem

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8. Which of the following are common to
Christianity, Islam Judaism ? 1.
Polytheism Ganges River 2. Atheism
Moscow 3. Communism Huang He River
4. Monotheism Jerusalem
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8. Which of the following are common to
Christianity, Islam Judaism ? 1.
Polytheism Ganges River 2. Atheism
Moscow 3. Communism Huang He River
4. Monotheism Jerusalem
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BELIEF SYSTEMS in Africa Asia

• Animism
• Hinduism
• Buddhism
• Confucianism Daoism
• Legalism Shintoism

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BELIEF SYSTEMS Animism

• Things in Nature have SPIRITS
• IMPACT- Appreciation respect for things in
  Nature - Ancient Egyptians prayed to
  the God of the Nile the Giver of Life

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BELIEF SYSTEMS Hinduism

• Polytheistic - Vishnu, Brahman, Shiva
• Sacred Writings- Upanishads, Gita, Ramayana,
  Mahabharata
• Dharma Karma - - -gtReincarnation(Duties)
  Judgement ---gt Next Life
• Nirvana

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BELIEF SYSTEMS Hinduism

• IMPACT - Caste system - Sacred objects
  - Ganges River - cow (dont eat beef)
  - Sepoy Mutiny- Conflict in Partition of
  India - Kashmir

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BELIEF SYSTEMS Buddhism

• 4 Noble Truths- we have pain/sorrow in life -
  because we want things
• 8 Fold Path- to relieve the pain - meditate
  - give up material desires
• Key People Buddha Dalai Lama

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BELIEF SYSTEMS Buddhism

• cultural diffusion - spread from China
  IMPACT
• PEACEFUL life - Vietnam - Tibet

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BELIEF SYSTEMS Confucianism
- everyone has a place duty in society -
this should lead to an orderly society

• Analects Confucius
• Mandate of Heaven
• Filial Piety
• Ancestor Veneration
• Examination System

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BELIEF SYSTEMS Confucianism

• IMPACTInfluenced Chinese government-
  Dynasties (Qing / Manchu)- Communists (Mao
  Zedong)

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BELIEF SYSTEMS Daoism

• Harmony between- Man- Nature
• Yin Yang

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BELIEF SYSTEMS Daoism

• IMPACT- study of natural world led to
  advances in science - again peaceful society

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BELIEF SYSTEMS Legalism

• STRICT obey LAW
• HARSH punishment- practiced in Singapore

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BELIEF SYSTEMS Shintoism

• RESPECT for- land- nation JAPAN- emperor
• IMPACT- Tokugawa Meiji Kamikaze

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9. According to the teachings of Confucius,
the key to the successful organization of
society is that 1. the ruler should
be chosen democratically. 2. ancestor
worship should be discontinued. 3. the evil
in humans must be eliminated. 4. individuals
should know and do what is expected of
them.
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9. According to the teachings of Confucius,
the key to the successful organization of
society is that 1. the ruler should
be chosen democratically. 2. ancestor
worship should be discontinued. 3. the evil
in humans must be eliminated. 4. individuals
should know and do what is expected of
them. . . . Caste system (Hinduism) . . . India
. . . . . . Latin America . . . . . . Medieval
Europe . . .
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PRE-HISTORIC ? ? ? BCE

• Paleolithic (Old Stone Age)- 4 million years
  ago- STONE tools/ CAVES / HUNTING
• Neolithic Revolution (30,000 BCE )-
  agriculture- begin civilizations

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10. Which of the following occurred
during the Neolithic Revolution? 1. the change
from hunting and food-gathering to
farming 2. a war for independence 3. a
rejection of Paleolithic values by
Neolithic people 4. the movement of people
across the land bridge from North America
to Asia
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10. Which of the following occurred
during the Neolithic Revolution? 1. the change
from hunting and food-gathering to
farming 2. a war for independence 3. a
rejection of Paleolithic values by
Neolithic people 4. the movement of people
across the land bridge from North America
to Asia . . . Leads to development of
cities later civilizations. . . Ancient
Egypt . .
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3500 BCE - 500 BCE - Ancient Civilizations

• Sumeria Mesopotamia Tigris Euphrates
  Rivers
• Ancient Egypt ... Nile River
• India Indus River
• China ... Huang He (Yellow) River

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Ancient Civilizations Sumeria/Mesopotamia

• Code of Hammurabi- set of written laws
• Cuneiform- writing system

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Ancient Civilizations Ancient Egypt

• Pharaoh Absolute Monarch
• Pyramids
• Hieroglyphics
• Polytheistic religion
• Irrigation system

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Ancient Civilizations India Indus

• Planned cities
• Hinduism - caste system
• Sanskrit writing

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Ancient Civilizations China Huang He

• Walled cities
• Calligraphy - writing
• Rice cultivation
• Dynasties (Monarchy/Emperors)

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11. Which would be a primary source of
information about Ancient Egypt? 1.
A history of ancient Egypt, written by
an English scholar 2. Hieroglyphics on a
wall inside a pyramid 3. A novel about the
love affairs of Cleopatra 4. Your world
history book
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11. Which would be a primary source of
information about Ancient Egypt? 1.
A history of ancient Egypt, written by
an English scholar 2. Hieroglyphics on a
wall inside a pyramid 3. A novel about the
love affairs of Cleopatra 4. Your world
history book PRIMARY SOURCE 1st
original source first hand account you were
there saw what happened
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500 BCE - 500 AD - Ancient Greece -
Ancient Rome
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Ancient Greece

• City states - Athens democracy- Sparta
  military
• Architecture - Parthenon
• Science and math
• Philosophy - questioning spirit, human reason,-
  Socrates, Plato

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12. The ancient Athenians are credited with
1. inventing and using the wheel.
2. eliminating slavery.
3. establishing governments
that had democratic elements. 4.
inventing the printing press.
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12. The ancient Athenians are credited with
1. inventing and using the wheel.
2. eliminating slavery.
3. establishing governments
that had democratic elements. 4.
inventing the printing press.
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Ancient Rome

• Centralized government - empire and army
• Engineering - roads, aqueducts
• Law - Twelve Tables
• Pax Romana - promoted trade
• Christianity
• Latin language

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Fall of Rome

• Political corruption
• Economic problem - inflation - unemployment
  - cost of empire
• Military decline
• Loss of morale
• Barbarian invasions

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13. A major contribution of the Roman
Republic to Western European culture
was the 1. concept of government by laws 2.
belief that political power should be
controlled by the military 3. establishment of
agricultural communes 4. rejection of the
concept of slavery
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13. A major contribution of the Roman
Republic to Western European culture
was the 1. concept of government by laws 2.
belief that political power should be
controlled by the military 3. establishment of
agricultural communes 4. rejection of the
concept of slavery . . . Twelve Tables . . .
Plebians vs Patricians
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Mauryan Empire (India)

• Buddhism
• Asoka the Great
• tolerant of all religions
• built hospitals, roads
• encouraged education and spread of Buddhism

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Classical China

• Zhou dynasty- teachings of Confucius and Lao-tzu
  
• Qin dynasty - Great Wall of China
• Han dynasty - Golden Age of China
• Civil service examinations
• merchants - trade
• Silk Road - connected China India to Middle East

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Rise of Islam

• 622 AD Hegira- Muhammeds flight from Mecca
  to Medina- Koran Ramadan
• 650 - - -gt 750 AD- spread westward to Spain
  . eastward to Afghanistan
• 660 AD - Ali dies - Shiites
  branch formed

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Byzantine Empire

• 500 AD - - -gt 1450 AD
• Constantinople
• Eastern Roman Empire
• Orthodox (Christian) Religion
• Trade
• Preserves Greek Roman learning

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Ottoman Empire

• 1450 - - -gt 1918 AD- Seljuk Turks
• Istanbul (formerly Constantinople)- Balkan
  Peninsula- Saudi Arabia to Northern Africa
  Islamic Arabic
• Suleiman the Magnificent

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Medieval Europe-Feudalism

• lord provided protection in exchange for loyalty
  and services of vassal
• DECENTRALIZED government
• rigid class system
• self sufficient manor
• serfs (poor farmers)
• similar to Feudalism in Japan Tokugawa shogun,
  samurai,peasants

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Medieval Europe- CHURCH

• Unified people- common religion, sacraments
• Economic role- Church owned land and collected
• Educational role- monks in monasteries copied
  books
• Built cathedrals
• Pope powerful-crowned Charlemagne Holy Roman
  Emperor and called for the Crusades

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Decline of Feudalism

• Crusades
• Impact
• New ideas- Arabic, Greek and Roman learning -
  awareness of other cultures--Renaissance
• New products( silk,spices, coffee etc.) increased
  demand --trade--Commercial Revolution--
  Exploration
• Rise in power of kings

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Decline of Feudalism

• Black Death(Bubonic plague) 1348-1353
• Rats with fleas carried the disease from Asia
  entered Europe on trading ships
• Impact
• Killed 1/3 of European population
• Loss of peasant labor-- decline of manors
• Guilds declined as craftsmen in towns died

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14. The Middle Ages in Western Europe
was characterized by 1. the manor system
and the importance of land ownership. 2.
absolute monarchies and strong central
governments. 3. decreased emphasis on religion
in daily life. 4. extensive trade with Asia and
the Middle East.
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14. The Middle Ages in Western Europe
was characterized by 1. the manor system
and the importance of land ownership. 2.
absolute monarchies and strong central
governments. 3. decreased emphasis on religion
in daily life. 4. extensive trade with Asia and
the Middle East. . . . Feudalism . . . . . .
Manorialism . . . . . . Role of CHURCH . . .
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Commercial Revolution

• Barter System Feudalism
• Development of Capitalism
• Banks - Joint Stock Company - Insurance
  
• Crusades - - -gt TRADE
• Mercantilism

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15. Which statement about capitalism,
and laissez-faire economics is most accurate?
1. No one may own private property. 2.
The government makes all economic decisions.
3. The main goal of business is to make a
profit. 4. Exports are always greater than
imports.
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15. Which statement about capitalism,
and laissez-faire economics is most accurate?
1. No one may own private property. 2.
The government makes all economic decisions.
3. The main goal of business is to make a
profit. 4. Exports are always greater than
imports. LAISSEZ-FAIRE government leaves
business alone the market law of supply
demandwill regulate / control business
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Renaissance

• caused by TRADE / CRUSADES
• Rebirth of LEARNING- Scientific Revolution . . .
  Copernicus- Humanism- Realistic (art) . . Da
  Vinci . Michelangelo- Literature Shakespeare
  Gutenberg- Protestant Reformation . .Martin
  Luther- Enlightenment . John Locke ..Voltaire

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16. The Renaissance was a period in
European history characterized by 1.
new methods for producing goods 2.
the overthrow of the Roman Empire 3. great
achievements in art and literature 4.
attempts to establish small feudal states
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16. The Renaissance was a period in
European history characterized by 1.
new methods for producing goods 2.
the overthrow of the Roman Empire 3. great
achievements in art and
literature 4. attempts to establish
small feudal states . . . Humanism . . . . .
. . . . Greeks Romans copied . . . . . .
Golden Age of . . .
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Age of Exploration

• Caused by Search for Water Route (Spices)
  Gold Glory God
• Technological improvements- Maps, Compass,
• CAPITAL to fund Expeditions
• Crusades help lead to Imperialism

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Pre-Columbian Civilizations

• OLMECS Mexico- 1200 BCE- ceremonial temples
  writing
• MAYAS in Mexico and Guatemala - temples,
  palaces, math, calendar, writing system

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Pre-Columbian Civilizations

• Aztecs in Mexico - warriors- cities, palaces,
  writing, empire
• Incas in Andes Mountains Peru - built cities,
  irrigation systems - empire connected by trails
  - record keeping system

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Pre-Columbian Civilizations

• Results- Cultural diffusion - gold silver
  - disease - Food (corn, tomatoes, tobacco)
• Transatlantic Slave Trade
• Colonialism- rigid CLASS System

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17. Which two groups had the most influence
on Colonial Latin America? 1. Holland
and Protestantism 2. Spain and the Roman
Catholic Church 3. Italy and Oceanography 4.
Germany and the Holocaust
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17. Which two groups had the most influence
on Colonial Latin America? 1. Holland
and Protestantism 2. Spain and the Roman
Catholic Church 3. Italy and Oceanography 4.
Germany and the Holocaust . . . The Crusades .
. . . . . Imperialism . . . . . . . . .
Mercantilism . . .
100
Reformation The Event

• 95 Theses Martin Luther
  German Princes
• Church Indulgences
• Church Extravagance
• Only GOD can forgive sins
• Bible is Gods word vs Pope
• John Calvin

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Reformation Results

• 30 Years War Indulgences
• Spanish INQUISITION
• CHRISTIANITY SPLITS- Roman Catholic Church-
  Protestantism - northern Europe - Henry VIII
  - Anglican Church
• BIBLE translated
• Johannes Gutenberg- Printing Press

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18. What idea of the Renaissance is
reflected in the the Protestant Reformation
the Age of Exploration, and the
Enlightenment? 1. a questioning spirit 2.
political revolution 3. interest in
Greece and Rome 4. attention to realism
103
18. What idea of the Renaissance is
reflected in the the Protestant Reformation
the Age of Exploration, and the
Enlightenment? 1. a questioning spirit
2. political revolution 3. interest
in Greece and Rome 4. attention to
realism also applies to the Scientific
Revolution
104
Sub-Saharan Africa

• Mali Empire- Timbuktu Mansa Musa
• Songhai Empire
• Benin
• Zimbabwe

105
19. The contributions of the ancient
civilizations of Ghana, Axum, Kush, and
Mali demonstrates that 1.
industrial technology was needed for
African civilizations to develop 2. many
African civilizations developed in
southern Africa 3. most of the African
Continent was unified under a single
political system 4. advanced societies
developed in Africa before Europeans
colonized this region
106
19. The contributions of the ancient
civilizations of Ghana, Axum, Kush, and
Mali demonstrates that 1.
industrial technology was needed for
African civilizations to develop 2. many
African civilizations developed in
southern Africa 3. most of the African
Continent was unified under a single
political system 4. advanced societies
developed in Africa before Europeans
colonized this region . . . west African Trade
gold salt . . .
107
Mongols 1200 - 1600

• Genghis Khan- Beijing/Manchuria - - -gt Trade
• Mughal India (1500s-1700s)- Tamerlane, Akbar the
  Great
• Russia- isolated

108
20. The term "Mughal" is used to refer to
which of the following groups ?
        1. Mongol rule of India         2.
British rule of India         3. French rule of
India         4. Egyptian rule of India
109
20. The term "Mughal" is used to refer to
which of the following groups ?
        1. Mongol rule of India         2.
British rule of India         3. French rule of
India         4. Egyptian rule of India . .
. Mughal Muslim rule . . .
110
Monarchy

• ABSOLUTE Monarchy- Divine Right - France -
  Spain - Russia
• Limited/Constitutional Monarchy - England
  (Great Britain)

111
Absolutism (Monarchy)

• FRANCE- Charlemagne 800 AD- Louis XIV (Sun
  King)- Louis XV- Louis XVI .
• Hundred Years War - St. Joan of Arc

112
Limited (Monarchy)- Constitutional /
Parliamentary

• ENGLAND/GREAT BRITAIN- Norman invasion of
  England Magna Carta King John
  .
• Hundred Years War - St. Joan of Arc

113
Limited (Monarchy)- Constitutional /
Parliamentary

• Elizabeth I- Spanish Armada
• Charles I- English Revolution
• Oliver Cromwell
• William of Orange- Glorious Revolution

114
Absolutism (Monarchy)

• RUSSIA - Peter the Great -
  Westernizer/Modernizer - St. Petersburg
  Navy - Catherine the Great - warm water
  port
• Enlightened Despot- Maria Theresa

115
21. Many European absolute monarchs,
such as Louis XIV, based their right to rule
on the principle of 1. free
elections 2. consent of the governed 3.
divine right 4. parliamentary rule
116
21. Many European absolute monarchs,
such as Louis XIV, based their right to rule
on the principle of 1. free
elections 2. consent of the governed 3.
divine right 4. parliamentary rule
. . . Absolutism absolute monarchy . . .
117
REVOLUTIONS

• Government denies basic human rights
• Government fails to meet peoples needs
• Government ignores demands for change
• Intellectuals provide a new role________________
  __________________________________________________
  ____________________________
• Outcome Confusion dictatorship

118
French Revolution - CAUSES

• Unfair TAXATION by ESTATES- Nobility/Landowners
  Clergy (Church)
• Bankruptcy
• Enlightenment thinkers - Voltaire - Baron de
  Montesquieu - John Locke - Jean-Jacques
  Rousseau

119
French Revolution - CAUSES

• Absolute Monarchy- Louis XIV Sun King -
  Palace of Versailles - Champs Elysses-
  Louis XV- Louis XVI

120
French Revolution - Events

• Storming of Bastille
• Reign of Terror - Robiespierre - Committee
  for Public Safety
• Government by Directory- King Louis XVI executed

121
French Revolution - Effects

• Return to 1 Man Rule
• NAPOLEON spreads NATIONALISM Equality
  (Code Napoleon) Social Mobility Civil
  Service Code Napoleon
• Growth of Middle Class

122
22. One cause of the French Revolution,
Russian Revolution, Chinese Revolution,
and Cuban Revolution was 1. governments
did not meet the needs of the people
2. people have representation in
their government. 3. the masses
cannot read and write. 4. everyone has a
high standard of living.
123
22. One cause of the French Revolution,
Russian Revolution, Chinese Revolution,
and Cuban Revolution was 1. governments
did not meet the needs of the people
2. people have representation in
their government. 3. the masses
cannot read and write. 4. everyone has a
high standard of living.
124
Latin America INDEPENDENCE

• INDEPENDENCEmovements 1810 - - - gt - Simon
  Bolivar Gran Colombia - Jose de San Martin
  - Miguel Hidalgo - Touissaint LOuverture
• From independence to the middle of the 20th
  Century POWER held by military landowners

125
23. Which of these situations was
the direct result of the other three? 1.
Nations of Latin America won independence. 2.
Revolutions occurred in North America and
France. 3. The Napoleonic wars weakened Spain's
power. 4. Creoles and mestizos became
discontented with Spanish rule.
126
23. Which of these situations was
the direct result of the other three? 1.
Nations of Latin America won independence. 2.
Revolutions occurred in North America and
France. 3. The Napoleonic wars weakened Spain's
power. 4. Creoles and mestizos became
discontented with Spanish rule.
127
Industrial Revolution

• Agricultural Revolution- Land Enclosure
  Science
• Mass Production by machine
• Great Britain FIRST due to Materials Coal
  Markets Technology Ports

128
Industrial Revolution

• RESULTS
• URBANIZATION Jobs-Modernization- ? Traditions
  ?- Workers exploited - - gt Socialism
• NAVAL POWER
• Imperialism II

129
IMPERIALISM 2

• Nationalism
  Industrialism Imperialism War

130
24. Imperialism mercantilism helped bring
about the Industrial Revolution by 1.
increasing markets and the demand
for goods. 2. increasing the power of
feudal lords. 3. reducing the size of
the middle class. 4. reducing the
wealth of European monarchs.
131
24. Imperialism mercantilism helped bring
about the Industrial Revolution by 1.
increasing markets and the demand
for goods. 2. increasing the power of
feudal lords. 3. reducing the size of
the middle class. 4. reducing the
wealth of European monarchs.
132
IMPERIALISM 2

• CHINA - Middle Kingdom- 1800s - Opium
  War - Spheres of Influence - Open Door
  Policy- 1900 - Boxer Rebellion

133
25. The Himalayan Mountains, the Gobi Desert,
the Great Wall of China, the Pacific
Ocean All of these have 1. caused famine in
China. 2. forced China into
wars. 3. helped to isolate
China. 4. reduced Chinas
population.
134
25. The Himalayan Mountains, the Gobi Desert,
the Great Wall of China, the Pacific
Ocean All of these have 1. caused famine in
China. 2. forced China into
wars. 3. helped to isolate China.
4. reduced Chinas population. . . .
China - celestial kingdom . . .
self-sufficient . . .
135
IMPERIALISM 2

• JAPAN- Tokugawa Shogunate - Japanese
  Feudalism. Commodore Matthew Perry- Meiji
  Restoration - Emperor -
  Modernization - Industrialization

136
26. In Japan, which change occurred
during the Meiji Restoration? 1.
Industrialization increased. 2. The power of
the shogun increased. 3. Emphasis on education
decreased. 4. The armed forces were disbanded.
137
26. In Japan, which change occurred
during the Meiji Restoration? 1.
Industrialization increased. 2. The power of
the shogun increased. 3. Emphasis on education
decreased. 4. The armed forces were
disbanded. . . . Modernization . . . . . . .
Japanese imperialism . . .
138
IMPERIALISM 2

• INDIA- British East India Company- Sepoy
  Mutiny (1857)- Indian National Congress -
  Mohandas Gandhi- Muslim League

139
IMPERIALISM 2

• Berlin Conference (Late 1800s)- Scramble for
  Africa - Imperialism - Colonialism
  - Mercantilism
• Suez Canal

140
NATIONALISM

• Italy - unified - Count Cavour Garibaldi
• Germany - unified - Bismarck - Blood
  Iron - Iron Chancellor - Machiavellian

141
27. Otto von Bismarck, Count Cavour,
and Guiseppe Garibaldi were best known
for helping 1. bring imperialism to
the African continent. 2. unite their
respective nations. 3. to bring an end
to absolute monarchies in their
nations. 4. to stop the advances of
Napoleon's armies.
142
27. Otto von Bismarck, Count Cavour,
and Guiseppe Garibaldi were best known
for helping 1. bring imperialism to
the African continent. 2. unite their
respective nations. 3. to bring an end
to absolute monarchies in their
nations. 4. to stop the advances of
Napoleon's armies.
143
World War I (1914 - 1918)

• World War I - CAUSES Nationalism/Ethnic
  Groups Alliances Imperialism Militarism

144
28. In the 19th century, the
unification of Italy and the
unification of Germany resulted in 1.
upsetting the balance of power in Europe 2.
increasing competition for trade with Russia
3. reducing feelings of nationalism
in these nations 4. encouraging a
century of peaceful coexistence in
Europe
145
28. In the 19th century, the
unification of Italy and the
unification of Germany resulted in 1.
upsetting the balance of power in Europe 2.
increasing competition for trade with Russia
3. reducing feelings of nationalism
in these nations 4. encouraging a
century of peaceful coexistence in
Europe . . . Nationalism . . . . . . .
Balkans sets it off . . .
146
World War I (1914 - 1918)

• World War I - EFFECTSTreaty of Versailles
  Germany humiliated - - -gt World War II
• Collapse of 3 Empires - Austria - Hungary -
  Ottoman - Russian

147
World War II (1939 - 1945)

• World War II - CAUSES- Weimar Germany- world
  depression- ? League of Nations ?- Rise of
  Fascism - Hitler - Mussolini

148
29. Napoleon, Benito Mussolini, and Adolf
Hitler all came to power in their
countries during periods when
1. the people were fighting to end
an absolute monarchy 2. a series of
land reforms had been unsuccessful
3. existing governments were unable to
solve political and economic
problems 4. the people were ready to
overthrow their totalitarian
governments
149
29. Napoleon, Benito Mussolini, and Adolf
Hitler all came to power in their
countries during periods when
1. the people were fighting to end
an absolute monarchy 2. a series of
land reforms had been unsuccessful
3. existing governments were unable to
solve political and economic problems
4. the people were ready to overthrow
their totalitarian governments . . . Treaty
of Versailles . . . . . . Weimar (German)
Government . . .
150
Holocaust

• Led by Hitler Nazi Germany
• Plan to exterminate ALL Jews - 6 million
  Jews 4 million non-Jews
• Nuremberg Laws 1935
• Rights deprived - citizenship, property,
  movement, life
• Death Camps (Concentration Camps - Auschwitz,
  Dachau
• Loss of Assets

151
30. Which would be an example of "genocide"?
1. the Nazis' attempt to murder
all of the Jews of Europe 2. the harsh
treatment of workers during the
Industrial Revolution 3. Protestant
attempts to halt the spread of the
Catholic faith 4. power of feudal lords
over their serfs
152
30. Which would be an example of "genocide"?
1. the Nazis' attempt to murder
all of the Jews of Europe 2. the harsh
treatment of workers during the
Industrial Revolution 3. Protestant
attempts to halt the spread of the
Catholic faith 4. power of feudal lords
over their serfs . . . Rwanda . . . . .
. . ethnic cleansing . . . Bosnia, Kosovo . . .
153
World War II (1939 - 1945)

• World War II - EFFECTS
• Decline of European Imperialism - Independence
  Movements
• Cold War U.S. vs U.S.S.R.
• Germany divided
• United Nations created

154
Rise of Communism

• Russia - - - gt USSR- Eastern Europe Satellites
• China - - - gt Communist China
• North Korea
• Vietnam
• Cuba

155
Communism RUSSIA / USSR

• Russian Revolution - 1800s Serfs, Pogroms,
  Industry
• CAUSES lack of peace bread
  land Lenin promised all 3 - appealed to
  peasants - NEP (New Economic Program)

156
Communism RUSSIA / USSR

• Stalin - Economic Programs - Collectivize
  farms Industrialization - genocide -
  Ukrainian farmers - Five Year Plans
  (Quantity Trucks ?Consumer? ) - Human
  Rights Violations - Purges KGB

157
31. Which statement best reflects the
views of Karl Marx? 1. Factory owners
have taken advantage of the working
class. 2. Capitalism has provided luxuries
for the working class. 3.
Factory owners deserve the profits
they receive. 4. Industrialization has
made capitalism a fair economic
system.
158
31. Which statement best reflects the
views of Karl Marx? 1. Factory owners
have taken advantage of the working
class. 2. Capitalism has provided luxuries
for the working class. 3.
Factory owners deserve the profits
they receive. 4. Industrialization has
made capitalism a fair economic
system. . . . . workers (proletariat)
revolution . . . . . . against the owners
(bourgeoisie) . . .
159
32. Which situation appealed to
Russian peasants in the late 1910s early 1920s,
Chinese peasants in the 1930s 1940s ?
1. The role of religion was
reemphasized. 2. Individual rights
were guaranteed under
constitutional democracies. 3. A
Marxist leaders promised land reform
and to improve the living standards. 4.
Relations with the United States
were improving.
160
32. Which situation appealed to
Russian peasants in the late 1910s early 1920s,
Chinese peasants in the 1930s 1940s ?
1. The role of religion was
reemphasized. 2. Individual rights
were guaranteed under
constitutional democracies. 3. A
Marxist leaders promised land reform
and to improve the living standards. 4.
Relations with the United States
were improving. . . . Lenin, Mao Zedong,
Fidel Castro, Ho Chi Minh, Pol Pot
161
Communism RUSSIA / USSR

• Stalin Post World War II- Cold War -
  Eastern Europe goes Communist - Berlin Airlift
• Khrushchev - Cuban Missile Crisis - Berlin Wall
  / Iron Curtain, Space Race
• Brezhnev - Czechoslovakia, Afghanistan -
  détente (arms race)

162
33. Stalin's Five-Year plans and his decision
to form collectives are examples of 1.
strategies to modernize the economy of the
Soviet Union through forced communism 2. a more
friendly foreign policy toward China 3. methods
of dealing with the United States during
the Cold War 4. programs to westernize, educate,
and enlighten the population . . .
Industrialization . . . . . . . Command economy .
. .
163
33. Stalin's Five-Year plans and his decision
to form collectives are examples of 1.
strategies to modernize the economy of the
Soviet Union through forced communism 2. a more
friendly foreign policy toward China 3. methods
of dealing with the United States during
the Cold War 4. programs to westernize, educate,
and enlighten the population . . .
Industrialization . . . . . . . Command economy .
. .
164
34. In the Soviet Union during the 1970s
early 1980s, censorship, mass arrests,
and a secret police (the KGB) are
most characteristic of a 1.
parliamentary democracy 2. Republic
3. totalitarian regime 4.
Constitutional monarchy
165
34. In the Soviet Union during the 1930s
- - - gt1980s, censorship, mass arrests,
and a secret police (the KGB) are
most characteristic of a 1.
parliamentary democracy 2. Republic
3. totalitarian regime 4.
Constitutional monarchy
166
Communism RUSSIA / USSR

• Mikhail Gorbachev (1980s)- Glasnost
  Perestroika- Eastern Europe (East) Germany
• Boris Yeltsin- ? democracy capitalism?-
  Nuclear Weapons
• Vladimir Putin - Managed Democracy (going
  back towards Totalitarianism )- Economy,
  Corruption, Chechnya Names have changed,
  but players remain the same

167
35. Mikhail Gorbachevs policies
of glasnost perestroika were
important because 1. attempted to
spread communism in Eastern Europe
2. created greater political economic
freedom in Russia 3.
isolated Russia from the Western powers
4. increased the development of
nuclear weapons
168
35. Mikhail Gorbachevs policies
of glasnost perestroika were
important because 1. attempted to
spread communism in Eastern Europe
2. created greater political economic
freedom in Russia 3.
isolated Russia from the Western powers
4. increased the development of
nuclear weapons
169
36. Since the dissolution of the Soviet Union,
the major problems in Eastern Europe and
Russia have primarily resulted from the
1. high rate of illiteracy found
in most of these nations 2. refusal of
government leaders to allow foreign
investments 3. switch from a command
economy to a free-market economy
4. unwillingness of the industrialized
nations to provide advisors
170
36. Since the dissolution of the Soviet Union,
the major problems in Eastern Europe and
Russia have primarily resulted from the
1. high rate of illiteracy found
in most of these nations 2. refusal of
government leaders to allow foreign
investments 3. switch from a command
economy to a free-market
(capitalism) economy 4. unwillingness of
the industrialized nations to
provide advisors
171
37. According to Russian President Vladimir
Putin Russia in the 21st century is
facing threats of terrorism (Chechnya)
and economic corruption. As a result Mr.
Putin has instituted (made) reforms in
Russia which appear to be leaning
towards 1. colonialism 2. feudalism
3. imperialism 4. totalitarianism
172

• According to Russian President Vladimir Putin
  Russia in the 21st century is facing
  threats of terrorism (Chechnya) and economic
  corruption. As a result Mr. Putin has
  instituted (made) reforms in Russia which
  appear to be leaning towards 1.
  colonialism 2. feudalism 3. imperialism
  4. totalitarianism
• 2 keys totalitarianism dictatorship (no
  rights) Russia is still having
  difficulty going from communism to
  democracy/capitalism

173
38. Which two organizations developed
after World War II as a result of the
Cold War as a way of maintaining peace
in Europe? 1. NATO and the Warsaw
Pact 2. the Duma and the Knesset
3. the United Nations and
the League of Nations 4. Russia and
the Soviet Union . . . Nuclear weapons . . .
Détente . . .
174
38. Which two organizations developed
after World War II as a result of the
Cold War as a way of maintaining peace
in Europe? 1. NATO and the Warsaw
Pact 2. the Duma and the Knesset
3. the United Nations and
the League of Nations 4. Russia and
the Soviet Union . . . Nuclear weapons . . .
Détente . . .
175
Communism CHINA

• China 1911- Dr. Sun Yat-sen (Sun Yixian) 3
  Principles Democracy Equality
  Nationalism
• Chinese Revolution (1920 - 1948) - Chiang
  Kai-shek (Jiang Jieshu) - Mao Zedong

176
Communism CHINA

• Mao Zedong (1948 - 1976)- Collectivization-
  Tibet- Great Sparrow Campaign- Great Leap
  Forward- Cultural Revolution

177
39. Which best describes the goal of
the Great Leap Forward? 1. establish
China as a great military power 2. reduce
the influence of the Communists 3. chase
all Westerners out of China 4. increase
Chinas industrial production
178
39. Which best describes the goal of
the Great Leap Forward? 1. establish
China as a great military power 2. reduce
the influence of the Communists 3. chase
all Westerners out of China 4. increase
Chinas industrial production . . . like
Stalin 5 Year Plans
179
Communism CHINA

• Deng Xiaoping (1980s)- Four Modernizations-
  Tiananmen Square Massacre
• Jiang Zemin (1990s -gt Present)- Trade vs Human
  Rights- Hong Kong- Tibet Dalai Lama

180
40. The June 1989 Tiananmen Square Massacre
was 1. a result of a conflict
between the people who followed Mao
Zedong and Deng Xiaoping. 2. caused by
people who wanted to reform the
Chinese government. 3. due to poor
American and Chinese relations. 4. felt
around the world by all Olympic athletes.

181
40. The June 1989 Tiananmen Square Massacre
was 1. a result of a conflict
between the people who followed Mao
Zedong and Deng Xiaoping. 2. caused by
people who wanted to reform the
Chinese government. 3. due to poor
American and Chinese relations. 4. felt
around the world by all Olympic athletes.
. . . Human Rights . . .
182
Communism NORTH KOREA

• 1950s - North Korea - Communist/Totalitari
  an - Command Economy 38th Parallel .
  Korean War - South Korea - Democratic
  - Capitalist

183
Communism NORTH VIETNAM

• 1960s - North Vietnam Ho Chi Minh -
  Communist/Totalitarian - Command Economy
  Agrarian (Agriculture) 17th Parallel ..
  Domino Theory - South Vietnam U.S.
  backed - Democratic ? corrupt -
  Capitalist

184
Communism CAMBODIA / KAMPUCHEA

• Late 1800s - part of French INDOCHINA
• 1970s - affected by Vietnam - part of Cold
  War Communism vs Democracy - Pol Pot
  communist leader - Khmer Rouge communist
  party - genocide the Killing Fields
  

185
41.  The division of Korea in 1945 and
of Vietnam in 1954 are decisions that
      1.   based on the principles
of national self-determination.       2.   made
as direct results of popular elections.
      3.   reached by Korea and by Vietnam
without the interference of other nations.
      4.   worked out as compromise political
solutions reflecting Cold War
realities.
186
41.  The division of Korea in 1945 and
of Vietnam in 1954 are decisions that
      1.   based on the principles
of national self-determination.       2.   made
as direct results of popular elections.
      3.   reached by Korea and by Vietnam
without the interference of other nations.
      4.   worked out as compromise political
solutions reflecting Cold War
realities.
187
42. The use of labor camps in the Soviet Union
and the policy of genocide in
Cambodia (Kampuchea) are examples of
1. civil disobedience. 2. labor
union unrest. 3. economic
interdependence. 4. human rights
violations.
188
42. The use of labor camps in the Soviet Union
and the policy of genocide in
Cambodia (Kampuchea) are examples of
1. civil disobedience. 2. labor
union unrest. 3. economic
interdependence. 4. human rights
violations. Human rights natural rights
civil liberties
189
POST World War II ASIA
NATIONALISM - - - gt INDEPENDENCE

• India- Mohandas Gandhi- Muhammed Ali Jinnah
• Vietnam - Ho Chi Minh
• Cambodia / Kampuchea - Pol Pot

190
43. Which statement reflects a belief
of Mohandas Gandhi? 1. Imperialism has
been good for India. 2. Nonviolence is the best
way to get the British out of
India. 3. Hindus and Moslems should live
in separate countries. 4. Democracy
will not work in India.
191
43. Which statement reflects a belief
of Mohandas Gandhi? 1. Imperialism has
been good for India. 2. Nonviolence is the best
way to get the British out of
India. 3. Hindus and Moslems should live
in separate countries. 4. Democracy
will not work in India. . . . Civil
disobedience . . . Passive resistance . . .
Satyagraha
192
44. Which statement best explains why
the nations of India and Pakistan were
created from the single British colony of
India? 1. Geographic conditions forced Great
Britain to create separate nations.
2. Strong religious and cultural differences
existed between the two regions. 3.
China and the Soviet Union demanded the
creation of two separate nations. 4. Great
Britain needed the support of the two
nations in the Common Market.
193
44. Which statement best explains why
the nations of India and Pakistan were
created from the single British colony of
India? 1. Geographic conditions forced Great
Britain to create separate nations.
2. Strong religious and cultural differences
existed between the two regions. 3.
China and the Soviet Union demanded the
creation of two separate nations. 4. Great
Britain needed the support of the two
nations in the Common Market. . . . India
Hinduism . . . . . . . . Pakistan Islam
194
POST World War II AFRICA
NATIONALISM - - - gt INDEPENDENCE

• Africa- Kwame Nkrumah (Ghana)- Jomo Kenyatta
  (Kenya Mau Mau )- Rwanda (Tribalism Hutu vs
  Tutsi)- Sudan Dafur (Ethnic fighting Arab vs
  African)
• South Africa- 1910- Apartheid - Nelson Mandela

195
45. Nelson Mandela and Desmond Tutu are
similar in that both sought to
1. make Africa more industrial than
agricultural. 2. put an end to the policy
of apartheid. 3. run for political
office. 4. achieve their goals using
military force.
196
45. Nelson Mandela and Desmond Tutu are
similar in that both sought to
1. make Africa more industrial than
agricultural. 2. put an end to the policy
of apartheid. 3. run for political
office. 4. achieve their goals using
military force. . . . World pressure . .
.
197
46. Many of the new African nations are
having difficulty uniting their people
because 1. there are many disloyal Europeans.
2. many people are still influenced
by their religion. 3. most
African nations are still ruled by
Europeans. 4. many people are loyal
to their tribes than they are to
their nations.
198
46. Many of the new African nations are
having difficulty uniting their people
because 1. there are many disloyal Europeans.
2. many people are still influenced
by their religion. 3. most
African nations are still ruled by
Europeans. 4. many people are loyal
to their tribes