Physical Geography of East Asia:

1
Physical Geography of East Asia A Rugged
Terrain
The mountainous landscape, open ocean, and harsh
climate of East Asia isolate the region and
present challenges for the people living there.
Mongolias Gobi Desert.
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Physical Geography of East Asia A Rugged Terrain
Landforms and Resources
SECTION 1
SECTION 2
Climate and Vegetation
Human-Environment Interaction
SECTION 3
Unit Atlas Political
Unit Atlas Physical
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East Asia has a huge mainland area that
includes rugged terrain.
East Asia has a number of important islands off
its eastern coast.
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SECTION
Landforms and Resources
1
Landforms Mountains and Plateaus
A Survey of the Region East Asia stretches
from western China to the east coast of
Japan - also includes Mongolia, Taiwan, North
Korea, South Korea Landscape has high
mountains, deserts, cold climate, Pacific waters
Rugged terrain created by tectonic plates
colliding - natural barriers limit human
movement, increase isolation
Continued . . .
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SECTION
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continued Landforms Mountains and Plateaus
Mountain Ranges of the Region High mountains
limited Chinas contact with rest of
Asia - worlds highest mountains located on
western edge of region Kunlun Mountains are
located in west China - source of Huang He
(Yellow) and Chang Jiang (Yangtze) rivers
Qinling Shandi Mountains divide northern China
from the south
Map
Continued . . .
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SECTION
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continued Landforms Mountains and Plateaus
Plateaus and Plains Mountainous area includes
some sparsely populated basins,
deserts - includes Plateau of Tibet (Xizang
Plateau) - western Chinas Tarim Pendi Basin and
Taklimakan Desert Gobi Desert stretches
from northwest China into Mongolia - covers
500,000 square miles Mongolian Plateau is in
northeastern China Northern China includes
Manchurian Plain, North China Plain
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Peninsulas and Islands
The Coast of China Eastern coast of China has
several peninsulas - Shandong, Leizhou, and
Macao Peninsulas - Portugal owned Macao
returned it to Chinese control in 1999
Chinas long coastline has several major port
cities like Shanghai Korean Peninsula is on
eastern border of China - contains independent
nations of North Korea and South Korea
Continued . . .
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continued Peninsulas and Islands
The Islands of East Asia East of China is
continental shelfthe submerged border of
continent Isolation of shelf islands allows
them to develop in peace, security Chinese
islands include Hainan and part of Hong
Kong - Hong Kong was Britains returned to
Chinas control in 1997 Japan is a small
island nation with large economic power Taiwan
once belonged to mainland China, which still
claims it today
Chart
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SECTION
1
River Systems
The Huang He Huang He (Yellow River)northern
China river - starts in Kunlun Mountains in
west, winds east for 3,000 miles - empties into
Yellow Sea, named for yellow silt the river
carries
The Chang Jiang Chang Jiang (Yangtze
River)longest river in Asia - flows 3,900 miles
from Xizang (Tibet) to East China Sea - major
trade route floods often causing great damage
Image
Continued . . .
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SECTION
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continued River Systems
The Xi Jiang Xi Jiang (West River) flows
southeast through south China - joins Pearl
River (Zhu Jiang) to flow into South China
Sea - Xi Jiang, three other rivers form estuary
between Hong Kong, Macao
Other Rivers of the Region Yalu Jiang river
flows 500 miles along North Korea, China
border - Chinese troops cross it in
1950 - attack UN forces, enter Korean War
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SECTION
1
Resources of East Asia
Uneven Distribution China, Mongolia, North
Korea have natural, mineral resources Japan,
South Korea, Taiwan have limited natural
resources
Interactive
Land and Forests Limited farmland in sparsely
populated, mountainous, western areas Most
Chinese are in fertile eastern river basins where
rice is grown Abundant forests in China,
Japan, Taiwan, North and South Korea - Japan
reserves forests by buying timber from other
regions
Continued . . .
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SECTION
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continued Resources of East Asia
Mineral and Energy Resources China has large
petroleum, coal, natural gas reserves - energy
resources make China self-sufficient Chinas
mineral resources include iron ore, tungsten,
manganese - also molybdenum, magnesite, lead,
zinc, copper North and South Korea have coal,
tungsten, gold, silver reserves Japan has
lead, silver, coal, but must trade for most
resources
Continued . . .
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SECTION
1
continued Resources of East Asia
Water Resources Chinas long river systems are
important to its economy - provide crop
irrigation, hydroelectric power,
transportation - Three Gorges Dam on Chang
Jiang will control floods, create
power - Huang He and Xi Jiang provide
hydroelectric power, transportation Sea is
important food source for East Asia - Japan has
one of worlds largest fishing industries
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Section 2
Climate and Vegetation
East Asia has a dry highland climate in the
west.
The region has a humid climate in the east.
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SECTION
Climate and Vegetation
2
High Latitude Climate Zones
Subarctic Small subarctic zones on Mongolias
and Chinas Russian borders Summers are cool
or cold winters are brutally cold climate is
dry Vegetation is northern evergreen forest,
mosses, lichens
Highland Western Chinas highland zone temps
vary with latitude, elevation Vegetation also
varies forests, alpine tundra are typical
Tundras have no trees, frozen soil a few feet
below surface - only mosses, lichens, shrubs
grow on tundras
Image
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SECTION
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Mid-Latitude Zones
Humid Continental Climate zone includes
northeastern China, northern Japan - also North
Korea, northern South Korea Forests are
coniferous temperate grasslands provide
grazing - agriculture has replaced many forests
Humid Subtropical Southeastern China, southern
South Korea, south Japan, north Taiwan
Deciduous forests in north, coniferous in
southern, sandy soil
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SECTION
2
Dry Zones
Semiarid Includes parts of Mongolian Plateau
Vegetation is mostly short grasses, food for
grazing animals
Desert Most of regions deserts are in west
central mainland Taklimakan Desertin west
China, between Tian Shan, Kunlun mountains
Gobi Desertin north China, southeast
Mongolia - prime area for dinosaur fossils
Image
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Tropical Zones
Tropical Wet Typhoontropical storm that
occurs in western Pacific Tropical climate
zone in East Asia is small - strip of land along
Chinas southeastern coast - island of Hainan,
southern tip of Taiwan High temperatures,
heavy rainfall, high humidity all year
Tropical rain forest has tall, dense forests
of broadleaf trees
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Section 3
Human-Environment Interaction
The Chinese are building the Three Gorges Dam
to control flooding.
The Japanese have developed creative ways to
use their limited amounts of land.
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SECTION
Human-Environment Interaction
3
The Three Gorges Dam
An Engineering Feat In 1993, China began
construction of the Three Gorges Dam - being
built on Chinas Chang Jiang river - should
reduce flooding, generate power Chinas largest
construction project will be worlds biggest
dam - will be 600 feet high, spanning a
mile-wide valley - will create 400-mile-long
reservoir, covering 1,000 towns
Image
Continued . . .
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continued The Three Gorges Dam
Positive Effects Government believes dam will
control Chang Jiang flooding - river irrigates
half of Chinas crops, drains one-fifth of land
Giant turbines should generate 10 of Chinas
electrical power Will make it easier for ships
to reach Chinas interior through locks - river
carries more than half the goods moved
on Chinas waterways - dam, locks will
increase shipping capacity, decrease costs
Continued . . .
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continued The Three Gorges Dam
Negative Effects Most observers feel dam will
also have negative effects - negative
environmental impact may outweigh any benefits
One to two million people will have to
move - hundreds of historical sites, scenic
spots will be submerged Dam could cost 75
billion rather than original 11 billion
estimate - costs scare away many potential
investors
Continued . . .
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continued The Three Gorges Dam
Negative Effects In building dam, government
has not protected the environment New
reservoir will flood land, reduce animal
habitats - submerged factories could leak
chemicals into water - regions climate,
temperature will be affected - some species
(alligator, river dolphin, others) may vanish
International groups slow to invest due to
environmental concerns
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SECTION
3
Use of Space in Urban Japan
Crowded Living and Working Spaces 60 of 127
million people live on 3 of land along coastal
plains - 80 live in largest cities Tokyo,
Yokohama, Osaka, Nagoya, Sapporo - 25 million
in Tokyo, one of worlds largest cities
Cities poisoned with mercury, PCBsfactory
pollutantsin 1950s, 60s - PCBs build up in
animal tissue cause disease, birth
defects - PCBs banned in 1977
Continued . . .
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SECTION
3
continued Use of Space in Urban Japan
Adapting to Limited Space Houses are small,
sparsely furnished Many in cities live in
apartments - family of four in a one-bedroom
apartment is common Some move to suburbs,
but must commute several hours to work Coastal
cities reclaim land with landfill - landfill is
solid waste buried in layers of dirt - Tokyo
puts factories, refineries on landfill
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