East Asia

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East Asia
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Physical Features

• Mountains in the west

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Well developed karst features to the southeast
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Desert in the north
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Plains in the Northeast
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• Rivers
• Huang He (Yellow River)
• Chang Jiang (Yangtze River)
• Xi Jiang

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Climate

• The Dry Continental Western Zone
• The Monsoon East
• High Altitude Climates
• Humid Continental

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Early history

• Cultural Hearth
• By 221 B.C. Chinese
• Empires began

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• Confucianism
• Confucius - 2500 b.p.
• Value system
• Oldest Male Leader
• Recognized Emperor
• Established role of Women

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European Influence

• Foreign Trade 1500s early 1900s
• Missionaries
• Extraterritoriality
• Colonized areas Hong Kong, Macao

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• Opium Wars
• Between 1839 and 1860
• Fought with British (and U.S. later)

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Sino - Japanese War 1895

• Defeated Qing dynasty (though 1912 officially)
• China in chaos

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• The Nationalist Party (Kuomintang, KMT)
• Chiang Kai-shek united the country in 1924
• The Chinese Communist Party (CCP)
• Mao Zedong

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Chinese Communist Revolution

• WWII
• Chiang Kai-shek - Taiwan
• Mao Zedong and communist take over

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• Results of the Revolution
• Land redistribution
• Agricultural improvement
• Industrialization
• Infrastructure improvement
• Women given more opportunities

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The Cultural Revolution and Aftermath 1966

• Red Guard
• Challenged old Chinese traditions
• Resulted in torture and murder
• Lasted until Mao died in 1976.

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• Japan
• Imperialist history
• WWII
• Became economic giant
• Korea
• Split into N.S. Korea

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Population Density

• 1.5 billion people!
• 500 to 600 people subsist on 500 acres of land

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• One Child Policy
• Tax breaks
• Better housing
• Better job opportunities
• Better schooling for the child

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Results

• Lower Natural Increase Rates
• Increase in female infanticide
• Increase in abortion
• Loosening of restrictions
• Abandoned children (mostly female)

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• Changing Policies
• 1980 Economic Reform
• Tianamen Square - 1989

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Contrasting Economic Systems

• Capitalist Countries
• Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan
• Government-Guided Capitalism
• Began in Japan
• S. Korea and Taiwan

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• Chaebols Huge government assisted corporations
  in South Korea
• Financial Crises
• Started in Japan in the mid 1990s

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Contrasting Economic Systems

• Technological Development
• The capitalist countries in this region rely
  heavily on technology that originates elsewhere

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Contrasting Economic Systems

• Mongolia
• Communism until fall of USSR
• Communist Countries
• China and North Korea
• Concentrated on land reform and industrialization

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Communist Economy

• Communes
• Regional self-sufficiency

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New Market Policies

• Responsibility System
• Market principles
• Regional specialization
• Special Economic Zones
• Agricultural Reforms
• World Trade Organization (2001)

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Social Issues

• Indigenous Minorities
• Tibetans (China)
• Turkish speakers (China)
• Ainu (Japan)

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Gender and Family Relationships

• Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan
• Men trying to participate more in the home and
  with their children
• China Mongolia
• Women still perform most domestic duties

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Environmental Issues

• Air Quality Problems

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• Three Gorges Dam
• Will Flood farmland
• Will Flood 13 major cities, 140 towns, hundreds
  of small villages
• Displace 1.2 million people

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Environmental Issues

• Water Pollution
• One third of China's population does not have
  safe drinking water
• Drought
• Threatens Chinas food security and economic
  growth.

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• Environmental Problems in other East Asian
  Countries
• Mongolia water shortages and fire
• North Korea flooding and crop failure. 2
  million North Koreans have died of hunger
• Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan - air pollution

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