West Nile Virus Surveillance

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West Nile Virus Surveillance Comprehensive IT
Solution
Kevin Gibbs GIS Coordinator City of Chicago,
Department of Public Health gibbs_kevin_at_cdph.org 3
12-747-9610
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Why West Nile Virus
West Nile Virus Surveillance

• Emerging Complex Health Issue Highly Linked to
  Geography
• Using GIS can Prevent Human Infection and Death
• Creation of a GIS Centric Surveillance Tool was
  the IT Solution
• Integrated Disparate Data Sources
• Automated Routine Processes
• Combined Operational and Statistical Analysis
  while Readying Data for Public Distribution.

• Team Initiated and Developed by Front Line Staff

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16 Participating Organizations
West Nile Virus Surveillance

• Chicago Department of Public Health
• Environmental Health
• Communicable Disease
• Epidemiology
• Office of Management Information Systems
• Chicago Business and Information Services, GIS
  Division
• Chicago Department of Streets and Sanitation
• Mayors Office and Mayors Office WNV Task Force
• 311 City Services
• Clarke Mosquito Control
• Illinois Department of Public Health
• Centers for Disease Control
• Illinois Natural History Survey
• Neighboring Mosquito Abatement Districts (MADs)

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Program Goal Why we do this
West Nile Virus Surveillance

• The Goal of the West Nile Virus Surveillance
  Project is to
• Help us decide if, when and where to implement
  control measures which minimize the transmission
  of the virus to the human population. We do this
  by
• Detecting areas of high West Nile activity
• Assessing risks

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Initial Solution Requirements/Goals
West Nile Virus Surveillance

• 2002 Illustrated the Need to
• Maintain a Single Data Repository
• Automate Geographic Data
• Capitalize on Additional Data
• Standardize Reporting

• Application Goals
• Gather Data from Various Sources in Real-time
• Process and Summarize Geographic Information
• Standardize and Disseminate Reports
• Fully Functional GIS
• Analysis (Operational vs. Statistical solution)
• Management (flexible enough to answer complex
  queries from media, citizens, and other
  officials)
• Media Distribution Improve speed

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Initial Solution Achievements
West Nile Virus Surveillance

• Leverages
• Existing City Business Processes and Tools
• Available Hardware and Software
• Zero-Cost
• Seasonal Role-Out (June 1)

• Achieves
• Simplicity
• Integration of Processes from Disparate
  Components
• Real Surveillance Value!

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Data Sources
West Nile Virus Surveillance

• Mosquito Abatement Program
• Mosquito Trap Tests
• 100 sites
• Located using GIS and GPS
• Bi-weekly collections by 10 summer staff
• Larvicide/Standing Water (200,000 sites)
• Adulticide Treatment Areas

• Communicable Disease Office
• Human Cases Reported to Health Department
• Geographic Identifier Patients Home Address

• 311/City Non-Emergency Hotline
• Citizen Generated Dead Bird Reports 25-40
  calls/day
• Streets Dept Collected Dead Bird Samples/Tests
  2 Positives per Ward

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Process Flow
West Nile Virus Surveillance
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Components of the Solution
West Nile Virus Surveillance

• Hardware
• WNV Server (Windows XP)
• PC Workstations (Windows 2000 XP)
• Front End
• Microsoft Access
• Back End Database
• Oracle 9i database
• GIS
• ESRI ArcView 9.1
• SatScan (v4.0.3) for spatial analysis
• Trimble GeoXM GPS
• Other Components
• Visual Basic 6.0 Dynamic Link Libraries
• FTP client
• Intelligence Dispatcher geocoding engine
• Java clients for geocoding addresses
• City of Chicago Non-Emergency hotline, aka 311 or
  CSR
• Business Objects Server
• Communicable Diseases Human Case Database

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GIS Timeline of Surveillance Week 35, 2005
West Nile Virus Surveillance
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GIS Analysis 311 Citizen Reported Dead Birds
West Nile Virus Surveillance
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GIS Analysis 1 Week of 311 Dead Bird Calls
West Nile Virus Surveillance
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GIS Analysis 311 Calls are Summarized to
Census Tracts by Kulldorff Spatial Scan
Statistic
West Nile Virus Surveillance
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GIS Analysis All Sources of Data Build a
Picture of Activity
West Nile Virus Surveillance
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GIS Analysis Process Summary Publication
West Nile Virus Surveillance
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GIS Analysis Reasoning
West Nile Virus Surveillance
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Monitoring the Effects of the Intervention
(Spraying)
West Nile Virus Surveillance
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Why Adopt a GIS Enterprise Model
West Nile Virus Surveillance

• Integrates various city services needed for
  intervention
• Broadcasts common message and consistent analysis
  to
• Decision makers
• Operational staff
• Analytical Staff
• Public
• Leverages technology tools developed for use by
  other city departments for completely different
  business solutions

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Strategy for GIS Enterprise Implementation
West Nile Virus Surveillance

• CIOs Role Facilitate the automation of common
  processes or surveillance models using a GIS
• Key Staff
• Operational Staff Define practical need (Field
  data collection)
• Analytical Staff Define process model
  (Epidemiology)
• IT Staff Implement solution, test, and support
• Use process model to define benefit vs. cost in
  terms of
• Improved ability to target intervention
• Reduced workload on data entry and analysis
• Greater functionality of other core IT functions
  such as billing, reporting, and records
  management
• Current project status
• Improving data collection through use of GPS and
  Bar Coding
• Completing transition to server side processing
• Web reporting to be added
• Lessons learned
• A GIS Enterprise will greatly improve your
  ability to quickly and accurately act toward
  your goal to improve the health of people in
  your community

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