ANCIENT CIVILIZATIONS

1
ANCIENT CIVILIZATIONS

• CHAPTER 2
• The Fertile Crescent

2
Chapter 2, Section 1Land Between Two RiversDay 1

• Chapter 1 Objectives
• Students will
• Found out how geography made the rise of
  civilization in the Fertile Crescent possible.
• Learn about Sumers first cities.
• Learn about the two most important empires in
  Mesopotamia.

• Essential Question
• What were the beginnings of human society?
• How has geography shaped the patterns of history?

• Geography Standard 1-4
• History Standard 4
• Warm UpRead Map Master page 33
• Complete the questions under Identify and Apply
  Information
• Agenda
• Warm Up
• Read pgs. 34-39
• Watch Petra Secrets of the Read City Discovery
  School
• Read Farming in Mesopotamia page 40 41
• Homework
• Finish farming booklet

3
Farming in Mesopotamia

• Youre going to create a Mesopotamian Farming
  manual
• You will have a total of 6 steps, describe the
  steps in order and next to each description draw
  a picture that represents the step.

4
Steps to Farming in Mesopotamia

• Local officials decided when to open flood gates
• Animals grazed in soil to trample ground and eat
  weeds

5
Steps to farming in Mesopotamia

• Local officials decide when to let water flow
  onto crops
• Farmers let animals graze in soil to trample and
  eat weeds.
• Farmers break up the soil using hand tools
• Spread seeds and plow
• Plant seeds
• Harvest the plants

6
Chapter 2, Section 1Land Between Two RiversDay 2

• Chapter 1 Objectives
• Students will
• Found out how geography made the rise of
  civilization in the Fertile Crescent possible.
• Learn about Sumers first cities.
• Learn about the two most important empires in
  Mesopotamia.

• Essential Question
• What were the beginnings of human society?
• How has geography shaped the patterns of history?

• Geography Standard 1-4
• History Standard 4
• Warm UpPlease get out your farming booklet and
  one sheet of paper, clear your desk of everything
  else! ?
• Agenda
• Warm Up
• Mesopotamia The Development of Written Language
  (united Streaming)
• Questions
• Mesopotamia From Nomads to Farmers (united
  Streaming)
• Questions

7
VocabularyMesopotamia The Development of
Written Language

• city-state
• Definition A self-governing state consisting of
  a city and surrounding territory
• Context Nippur was the most important city-state
  in Sumer.
• cuneiform
• Definition The system of writing used by the
  ancient Sumerians
• Context Cuneiform writing looks more like
  symbols than pictures.
• demon
• Definition An evil spirit
• Context According to Sumerian legend, Gilgamesh
  killed the demon Huwawa with the help of the sun
  god.

8
VocabularyMesopotamia The Development of
Written Language

• epic
• Definition A long poem telling the deeds of a
  hero and often centering on the ideals of a
  nation or culture
• Context The Epic of Gilgamesh teaches us to
  enjoy the time we have on Earth.
• immortality
• Definition The quality or state of having an
  endless life
• Context Gilgamesh was unable to achieve
  immortality, but he was able to leave behind a
  legacy through the work he had done during his
  lifetime.
• Mesopotamia
• Definition An ancient land located where we find
  the modern country of Iraq
• Context Mesopotamia means, land between the
  rivers and got its name because it was located
  between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers.
• Nippur
• Definition A major city-state in the ancient
  Sumerian region of Mesopotamia
• Context Nippur was a busy trading center in
  Sumer and its most important religious city.

9
VocabularyMesopotamia The Development of
Written Language

• scribe
• Definition A person paid to write, especially in
  ancient times
• Context Mesopotamian scribes worked closely with
  the priests and kings.
• stylus
• Definition A hard, pointed writing tool cut from
  a reed
• Context Sumerian scribe wrote with styluses they
  made from reeds.
• Sumerians
• Definition Residents of Sumer, a region of the
  ancient land of Mesopotamia
• Context The Sumerians developed many inventions,
  such as the wheel and the plow.
• tablet
• Definition A flat slab often of clay or stone
  suitable for an inscription
• Context The Sumerians etched symbols into wet
  clay tablets to create a permanent document of
  their activities.

10
QuestionsMesopotamia The Development of Written
Language

• What was the importance of scribes in
  Mesopotamia?
• Why did the scribes have greater access to the
  priests and kings than other people in the
  city-states?
• How long did it take to train a scribe?
• What is the name of the training school where
  scribes learn how to write?

11
VocabularyMesopotamia From Nomads to Farmers
ancestors Definition People in ones family,
from whom one is descended Context Your
ancestors include your grandparents, great
grandparents, and great-great grandparents.
cuneiform Definition The system of writing
used by the ancient Sumerians Context Cuneiform
writing consists of characters with wedge-shaped
parts. domestication Definition The taming of
wild animals to use for farming or to be kept as
pets Context The domestication of sheep and
goats helped the Mesopotamians become farmers.
Euphrates River Definition One of the rivers
that borders what was the land of Mesopotamia.
Context The Euphrates River bordered
Mesopotamia to the west.

• .

12
VocabularyMesopotamia From Nomads to Farmers

• .

journal Definition A record of personal
experiences and thoughts kept on a regular basis
Context Writing a journal can help you
understand yourself. levee Definition Earthen
dams constructed to hold back floodwaters
Context A levee system helped the Mesopotamians
farm their most fertile land. Mesopotamia
Definition An ancient land located where we
find the modern country of Iraq Context
Mesopotamia means, land between the rivers and
got its name because it was located between the
Tigris and Euphrates rivers.
13
VocabularyMesopotamia From Nomads to Farmers

• .

Nippur Definition A major city-state in the
ancient Sumerian region of Mesopotamia Context
Nippur was a busy trading center in Sumer and its
most important religious city. scribe
Definition A person paid to write, especially
in ancient times Context The job of a scribe
was considered important in Sumer. stylus
Definition A hard, pointed writing tool cut
from a reed Context Sumerians pressed the point
of a stylus into wet clay in order to write.
14
VocabularyMesopotamia From Nomads to Farmers

• .

Sumerians Definition Residents of Sumer, a
region of the ancient land of Mesopotamia
Context Sumerians developed a culture whose
members farmed and traded instead of hunting and
gathering to make a living. Tigris River
Definition One of the rivers that borders what
was the land of Mesopotamia Context The Tigris
River bordered Mesopotamia to the east.
15
Questions Mesopotamia From Nomads to Farmers

• Why did the ancient Sumerians look for new ways
  to produce their food?
• How did growing crops and domesticating animals
  like sheep and goats allow the Sumerians to build
  cities and live in one place all year long?
• What does the word Mesopotamia mean?
• Between which rivers did Mesopotamia lie?
• Why did the soil of the Mesopotamian region of
  Sumer grow such good crops?
• What problem at first made farming difficult
  there and how did the Sumerians solve it?

16
Questions Mesopotamia From Nomads to Farmers

• In what other way did the Sumerians control the
  rivers?
• What important farming tool did the Sumerians
  invent?
• What else did the Mesopotamians invent?
• What do we call their system of writing?
• What tools did the Mesopotamians use for writing?
  
• What did the Sumerians put into writing before
  any other society?
• What was the name of the temple where Sumerians
  believed their gods lived?
• Of what material were the houses in Sumerian
  cities made?

17
Chapter 2 Section 2Babylonia and Assyria

• Chapter 1 Objectives
• Students will
• Found out how geography made the rise of
  civilization in the Fertile Crescent possible.
• Learn about Sumers first cities.
• Learn about the two most important empires in
  Mesopotamia.

• Essential Question
• What were the beginnings of human society?
• How has geography shaped the patterns of history?

• Geography Standard 1-4
• History Standard 4
• Warm UpUse page 42 to help you define the
  following words Empire, Caravan, Bazaar
• Agenda
• Warm Up
• Read pgs. 42-44
• Have the students create a Venn Diagram like the
  one found on page 42.
• List appropriate details in the Babylonia
  circle.
• Read pgs. 45-46
• List appropriate details in the Assyrians
  circle.
• Answer 1 2 in class on page 44
• Homework
• Write the key terms from pg 42 in complete
  sentences

18
Babylonia v. Assyria Venn DiagramMesopotamia
Empires

• Babylonia Assyria

19
Babylonia v. Assyria Venn

• Babylonia Assyria

20
Babylonia v. Assyria Venn

• Babylonia Assyria

• Wanted to get
• rich
• 2. Warriors
• Learning was
• important
• 4. Grand cities

21
Babylonia v. Assyria Venn

• Babylonia Assyria

• Roads
• Caravans
• Markets
• Hammurabi
• Rich from Trade
• Geometry

• Wanted to get
• rich
• 2. Warriors
• Learning was
• important
• 4. Grand cities

22
Babylonia v. Assyria Venn

• Babylonia Assyria

• Roads
• Caravans
• Markets
• Hammurabi
• Rich from Trade
• Geometry

• Skilled Warriors
• Battering ram
• Ninevah
• Chariots
• Expert archers
• Libraries

• Wanted to get
• rich
• 2. Warriors
• Learning was
• important
• 4. Grand cities

23
Chapter 2 Section 3The Legacy of Mesopotamia

• Chapter 1 Objectives
• Students will
• Found out how geography made the rise of
  civilization in the Fertile Crescent possible.
• Learn about Sumers first cities.
• Learn about the two most important empires in
  Mesopotamia.

• Essential Question
• What were the beginnings of human society?
• How has geography shaped the patterns of history?

• Geography Standard 1-4
• History Standard 4
• Warm UpIn this section you will learn of the
  advances made by the Mesopotamians, including the
  art of writing.
• How would your lives would different without
  writing?
• Agenda
• Warm Up
• Read pgs. 47-51
• Writing Activity
• Hammurabis laws activity
• Homework
• Guided Reading Handout

24
Law 1

• In your own wordsIf you kidnap someone then you
  will be put to death.

25
Law 1

• In your own wordsIf you kidnap someone then you
  will be put to death.
• How is the law similarYou will still be
  punished if you kidnap someone

26
Law 1

• In your own wordsIf you kidnap someone then you
  will be put to death.
• How is the law similarYou will still be
  punished if you kidnap someone
• How is the law differentToday you will not be
  put to death for kidnapping someone

27
Writing Activity

• Read the quote on page 50
• What do you think will happen to the gardeners
  according to Hammurabis Code, even after they
  pay for the dates?
• What do you think should happen to the gardeners?
  Write a law for what should happen to the
  gardeners (the ones who stole)
• What do you think should happen to the person who
  knew about the stealing (write a law)

28
Writing Activity

• What will happen to the gardeners according to
  Hammurabi, even after they pay for the dates?
• What do YOU think should happen to the
  gardeners?
• You write a law for what the gardeners have done.
• What do YOU think should happen to the person who
  knew about the stealing?
• You write a law for what should happen to the
  person who knew about the dates being stolen.

29
Chapter 2 Section 4Mediterranean Civilizations

• Chapter 1 Objectives
• Students will
• Found out how geography made the rise of
  civilization in the Fertile Crescent possible.
• Learn about Sumers first cities.
• Learn about the two most important empires in
  Mesopotamia.

• Essential Question
• What were the beginnings of human society?
• How has geography shaped the patterns of history?

• Geography Standard 1-4
• History Standard 4
• Warm UpWhat happens to a story as it is retold
  over a long period of time?
• What important development changed the way
  stories were told?
• Agenda
• Warm Up
• Read pgs. 52-57
• Map Master questions pg. 53 55
• Phoenician video (united streaming 2 min)
• Ancient Middle east (u.s. 5 min)
• Decode the Phoenician activity
• Homework

30
Chapter 2 Section 5Judaism

• Chapter 1 Objectives
• Students will
• Found out how geography made the rise of
  civilization in the Fertile Crescent possible.
• Learn about Sumers first cities.
• Learn about the two most important empires in
  Mesopotamia.

• Essential Question
• What were the beginnings of human society?
• How has geography shaped the patterns of history?

• Geography Standard 1-4
• History Standard 4
• Warm UpWhat is Monotheism (hint see pg.55)
• Agenda
• Warm up
• Read 60-64
• Notes for Chapter 2
• Writing Activity page 64
• Homework
• Complete writing activity on page 64

31
Chapter 2 Notes

• Summary
• Stretching from the coast of the Mediterranean
  Sea in present day Israel to the Persian Gulf,
  the Fertile Crescent was the birthplace of many
  early civilizations.
• The Tigris and Euphrates Rivers provided ideal
  conditions for human settlement, with the first
  civilizations rising in Mesopotamia, or the land
  between the rivers.

32
Chapter 2 Notes

• Section 1 Land Between Two Rivers
• Mesopotamia lay between the Tigris and Euphrates
  rivers. These two rivers and the rich, fertile
  soil drew people to the region.
• The early people of Mesopotamia became farmers
  and then builders of cities. The most successful
  and advanced cities were the city-states of Sumer.

33
Chapter 2 Notes

• Section 2 Babylonia and Assyria
• After the fall of Sumer, the biggest and most
  important civilizations were the empires of
  Babylonia and Assyria.
• These civilizations built grand cities where
  culture and learning were highly valued.

34
Chapter 2 Notes

• Section 3 The Legacy of Mesopotamia
• The Mesopotamians were probably the first to
  develop two of the key components of almost all
  civilizationsa system of writing and a set of
  written laws.

35
Chapter 2 Notes

• Section 4 Mediterranean Civilizations
• Phoenicia developed into a great sea power with
  trade routes throughout the Mediterranean region.
  
• These trade routes brought great wealth and
  knowledge to the Phoenicians.
• The Phoenicians developed a system of writing
  with an alphabet of 22 letters. This alphabet
  formed the basis of the alphabets that many
  nations use today.

36
Chapter 2 Notes

• Section 5 Judaism
• To the Israelites, history and religion were
  closely joined and were recorded in the Torah.
• The Israelites' beliefs developed into the
  religion we know today as Judaism. Judaism, still
  one of the world's major religions, had an
  important early influence on two later religions,
  Christianity and Islam.

37
Chapter 2 Review(3 days) The Fertile Crescent

• Chapter 1 Objectives
• Students will
• Found out how geography made the rise of
  civilization in the Fertile Crescent possible.
• Learn about Sumers first cities.
• Learn about the two most important empires in
  Mesopotamia.

• Essential Question
• What were the beginnings of human society?
• How has geography shaped the patterns of history?

• Geography Standard 1-4
• History Standard 4
• Warm UpGet out your book, study guide, and your
  notes for this chapter! ?
• Agenda
• Warm Up
• Study Guide

Mrs. Millers Class RULES!!!