Drought Management in China

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Drought Management in China
China Institute of Water Resources and hydropower
Research
Jingfeng Xin
2006-10-18
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CONTENT

• 1 Current Drought Situation
• 2 Drought Policy
• 3 Drought management institution
• 4 Drought mitigation approach
• 5 Cases of drought mitigation
• 6 Conclusion

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1. Current Drought Situation
Drought impact on agricultural production From
1950 to 2004, mean annual drought area was 22
million hm2 and food loss was 15 million t. In
2000, the area suffering from drought was 41
million hm2 and grain loss was 60 million t and
cash crop loss was 51 billion yuan. 64 million
people suffering from food shortage, and 27
million people and 20 million big animals
confronting drinking water difficulties.
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1. Current Drought Situation
Drought impact on urban water supply Up to 2004,
among 660 cities throughout the nation, there
were 400 cities in the state of water shortage
all over the year and 110 cities stricken by
heavy water shortage, direct industrial loss was
230 billion Yuan each year.
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1. Current Drought Situation
Drought impact on ecosystem At present, 667,000
hm2 arable land and 2,350,000 hm2 pasture have
degraded into mobile sandlots. Nearly 24,000
villages have been threatened by sandlots, and a
great number of farmers and herdsmen have come
down to ecological refugees. Drought also
caused groundwater table decline, the invasion of
sea water, degradation of pastures, the dryness
of reservoir, river and lakes and dust storms.
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2. Drought Policy in China
1 .Integrated approaches to drought mitigation
Drought mitigation scope extends from
agriculture to all aspects, from countryside to
city, from production to ecology. Taking all
available methods to solve water shortage
problems, including means of law, administration,
economy, engineering, technology and so on.
2?proactive drought mitigation Passive mode
change into proactive action. From crisis
management to risk management.
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2. Drought Policy in China
3. Legislation and administration system of
drought 4. Preparedness planning 5.
Engineering construction 6. Regarding flood
water as water resources 7. Water saving system
8. Drought investment 9. Drought service
network 10. Research on drought reduction
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3. Drought Management Institution

MWR
AD
IWHR

PD

MB

CB
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4. Drought Mitigation Approaches
1. Lawmaking for drought 3. Preparedness
planning for drought 3. Chief administrator
responsibility system 4. Hydro-engineering
construction 1) Irrigation zone construction 2)
Engineering for water storage, transfer and
collection 3) Water source reservation for
drought 4) Water transfer across watershed
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4. Drought Mitigation Approaches
5?Using floodwater Reservoir, flood storage and
detention zone and lakes. 6?Water saving
society 1)Agricultural techniques innovation
water saving irrigation, dryland farming,
drought-resistant variety, agricultural structure
adjustment. 2)Water right and water quantum
system to encourage water saving. 3)Water price
system to encourage water saving. 4)Economy
structure adjustmentsocial and economy
development and planning according to water
resources condition.
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4. Drought mitigation Approaches
7. Drought mitigation service network 8.
Investment system on drought reduction 9.
Drought monitoring and information management
system 10. Artificial rainfall application in
more than 20 provinces 11. Research on drought
mitigation 1)Drought monitoring and early
warning 2)Water saving technique 3)Preparedness
planning 4)Agricultural drought insurance
system 5)Drought risk management
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5 Cases of Drought Mitigation

• 1?Water transfer across watershed
• Transferring Yellow River water to Tianjin City
• The emergency water diversion in the Pearl River
  basin for salt water extraction and fresh water
  addition.
• Donghaiyanju water transfer
• Baiyang Lake water transfer
• Zhalong wetland water transfer
• Beijing water transfer
• South-to-north water transfer

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5 Cases of drought mitigation

• 2?Drought monitoring and drought mitigation
  system
• Ground observation network
• Remote sensing monitoring system
• Information management system
• Drought mitigation support system

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5 Chongqing drought in 2006

• Drought period was more than three months with
  highest temperature 44.5? .
• 21 million people, 1.35 million hm2 farming land
  suffering from the drought, 7.95 million people
  and 7.35 million livestock had drinking water
  problem.
• Drought caused forestry fires, reservoir, river
  and stream dry, direct economy loss of Chongqing
  city was about 6.38 billion yuan.
• The drought uncovered vulnerability and emphasize
  the need for a proactive, preparedness planning
  and risk management approach.

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CONCLUSION

• 1. Drought becomes more severe in China, heavily
  impacts a wide range of water sensitive sectors,
  and results in increased economic loss.
• 2. Effective drought mitigation method is to
  adopt an integrated approach which is proactive
  taking all available methods in every aspects.
• 3. Drought management should be changed from
  crisis management into risk management.
• 4. There is a long way to go for China to
  mitigate drought disaster.

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Thank You