THE HIMALAYAS

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THE HIMALAYAS

• GENERAL CLIMATOLOGY AND GEOMORPHOLOGY

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HIMALAYAS-GREATEST MOUNTAIN SYSTEM
STRETCHES 2500 km (NW to SE)
WIDTH 250-300 km
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HIMALAYAS- BOUNDARY OF MANY BIOGEOGRAPHIC ZONES
ONE OF THE RICHEST AREAS IN HABITAT BIODIVERSITY

• PALAEARCTIC Tibetan Ass
• MEDITTERANEAN Deodar, Ibex
• INDO-CHINESE Rhododendron
• INDOMALAYAN Dipterocarpus, Gibbon
• PENINSULAR INDIA Euphorbia, Jungle fowl

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THREE LONGITUDINAL BELTS
GREAT HIMALAYAS
MIDDLE HIMALAYAS
5200m
SIWALIKS
3000m
PLAINS
100m
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THREE TRANSVERSE ZONES

• WESTERN HIMALAYAS (JK, HP)
• CENTTRAL HIMALAYAS (Uttaranchal,Nepal)
• EASTERN HIMALAYAS (Nepal, Bhutan etc.,)

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LATITUDE
TEMPERATURE
ALTITUDE
SUNLIGHT
CLIMATE
PRECIPITATION
RAINSHADOW
LIGHT INTENSITY
SLOPE
HUMIDITY
DIRECTION
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TEMPERATURE
lt4.50C
SOME AREAS PERMANENTLY FROZEN
EASTERN HIMALAYAS WARMER THAN WESTERN.
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T E M P E R A T U R E (0C)
30
20
10
1000
2000
3000
4000
ALTITUDE (M)
DROPS _at_ 10C EVERY 270M
GIVES RISE TO ALTITUDINAL BELTS / LIFE ZONES
SIMILAR TO CLIMATIC ZONES OF LATITUDES.
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PRECIPITATION
PRECIPITATION RAINFALL SNOWFALL

• WEST- MORE SNOW, LESS RAIN
• (MORE WINTER RAINS, LESS SUMMER RAINS)
• EAST- MORE RAIN, LESS SNOW (WARM)

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3000
2000
1000
PRECIPITATION(mm)
1000
2000
3000
4000
ALTITUDE (M)
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SUNLIGHT HUMIDITY

• EAST RECEIVES MORE SUNLIGHT THAN THE WEST SINCE
  THEY ARE NEARER TO THE EQUATOR
• ASPECT- SOUTHERN SLOPES RECEIVE NORE SUNLIGHT
  THAN NORTH FACING ONES.
• HUMIDITY RAISES AS HIGH AS 80-90 DURING MONSOON.