ESPAA

1
ESPAÑA

• HISTORIA

2
IBERIANS

• Oldest inhabitants---Iberians
• Origins
• North Africa---Berbers
• Warring tribe
• CulturedDama de Elche 5thC. BC-colors
• Metal work and ceramics
• Language---Basque

3
CELTS

• Pyreneeswest and center of peninsula
• Bellicosesubjugated the Iberians
• Settled mainly in Galicia (Río Ebro)and Portugal
• Brought iron technology to the north.

4
GREEKS, PHOENICIANS CARTHAGINIANS

• Greeks
• Imprint on culture only. (vases, walls, etc.)
• 6th C. BC main Greek colony was Marseille.
• Phoenicians
• Cádiz---port in Andalucía Málaga
• Main activity commerce mining. Cemetery most
  interesting.

5
GREEKS, PHOENICIANS CARTHAGINIANS

• Carthaginians
• Islas Baleares---6C.BC
• Subdued the Phoenicians and south
• gold, silver and bronze

6
ROMANS

• First invasion---permanent civilization.
• Basically administrative, not to populate
  ---already densely populated.
• 4 centuries---peace and prosperity.
• CONTRIBUTIONS
• Laws, buildings, teaching, Latin (basis for
  Spanish language), civil structure and works of
  art.

7
ROMANS

• Engineers of the Empire
• Bridges, lighthouses, fortresses, amphitheaters,
  aqueducts and government offices.
• Aqueduct in Segovia is one of best in world.
• MAIN INFLUENCE language.
• Spanish, Italian, French, Romanche, Portuguese,
  Catalán, and Galician.
• Numanciaun pueblo guerrillero

8
VISIGOTHS

• Northern Europe5C. AD
• Biggest influence Iberian Peninsula
• Separation of races and courtesan
  aristocracymilitary class.
• Union legally sanctioned in the 7th centuryupper
  levels only.
• Christianity
• 414 to 711fervent Catholicism---symbol of
  unification.

9
MOORS

• Came from Africa---called Moors, Muslims, Arabs
  and Mahometanos (Tarik in 711)
• Legend
• Rodrigo(last Visigoth king of Spain)/ Florinda
  (el conde Juliángovernor of Ceuta)
• Juliánvengeance---keys to the city help with
  invasion.

10
MOORS

• MOORISH INFLUENCE
• Whole villages converted
• Riches and luxuries (Christians austerity and
  poverty)
• Caliphate (center of Arab government) in Córdoba,
  Andalucía

11
MOORS

• Commerce, art, social organization, styles.
• Cultured---Arab supplanted Latin.
• Architecture---today---MUDÉJAR style.
• Two crown jewels Alhambra (Granada) and the
  mosque in Córdoba (Caliphate)
• Canal irrigation system-Levante region-fertile
  and beautiful- oranges lemons

12
MOORS

• LANGUAGE
• Moors didnt alter the structure
• Castellano
• Arabs took names of months---left many a words
  (algodón, almohada, azotea, azulejos)
• Literatura aljamiada---Spanish ideas(stories) but
  written with Arabic characters.

13
MOORS

• Clumsy Roman notation system replaced by Arabic
  system (Romans---no zero)
• Medicine, universities public baths.
• LA RECONQUISTA
• Pelayo (king of Asturias)
• French monks of Clunys campaign.
• Alfonso VI captured Toledo in1085.
• Kingdom of Granada

14
MOORS

• Moorish Spain split into warring kingdoms
• Fernando (Aragon) Isabella (Castile)
  1469Christian unity. Granada 1492.
• 1609-1614 Moriscos (converted Muslims)expelled.
• --INQUISITON
• Mid to late 1400s
• Torquemada

15
INQUISITION

• Focused on conversos (converted Jews)
• 12,000 deaths in 300
• Isabel Fernando expelled Sephardic Jewsmiddle
  class decimated.
• 1492Christopher ColumbusSan Salvador.
• Felipe II

16
XX CENTURY

• Industry brought prosperity squalid conditions
• Left for Latin America
• Gravitated towards Marxism and anarchism
• Basque and Catalan separatism
• July, 1936 Francisco Franco (Nacionalista)
• Caudillo Generalisimo Francisco Franco
• Absolute ruler

17
XX CENTURY

• 1974---ETABasque separatists
• Want an independent, sovereign state covering
  Spanish and French Basque Country Navarre.
• 1969Juan Carlos I de Borbón--transition to
  democracy.