Unit I An Industrial Nation Chapter 5

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Unit I An Industrial NationChapter 5

• Section 3 Segregation and Discrimination
• African American Culture and Life

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Segregation and Discrimination

• Legalized Discrimination
• African American Voting- denied by use of poll
  tax, literacy tests, grandfather clauses and just
  plain violence.
• Jim Crow laws
• Consequences-
• Plessy v. Ferguson- 14th Amendment- Separate
  but Equal for nearly 60 years.
• Lynching- 1882-1892 over 900 African Americans
• Booker T. Washington
• W.E.B. Du Bois
• Other Groups

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Life in Africa
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Life in Africa
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Life in Africa
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Life in Africa
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Being Captured
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Being Captured
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Being Captured
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Atlantic Triangle of Trade
Rum and Guns
Sugar and Molasses
Slaves
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Slave Ships The Middle Passage must have been as
near as anyone ever comes to hell on earth. -
Barry Unsworth, author
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Slave Ships
Amistad
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The Amistad Case

• In February of 1839, Portuguese slave hunters
  abducted a large group of Africans from Sierra
  Leone and shipped them to Havana, Cuba, a center
  for the slave trade. This abduction violated all
  of the treaties then in existence. Fifty-three
  Africans were purchased by two Spanish planters
  and put aboard the Cuban schooner Amistad for
  shipment to a Caribbean plantation.
• On July 1, 1839, the Africans seized the ship,
  killed the captain and the cook, and ordered the
  planters to sail to Africa. On August 24, 1839,
  the Amistad was seized off Long Island, NY, by
  the U.S. brig Washington. The planters were freed
  and the Africans were imprisoned in New Haven,
  CT, on charges of murder. Although the murder
  charges were dismissed, the Africans continued to
  be held in confinement as the focus of the case
  turned to salvage claims and property rights.
• President Van Buren was in favor of extraditing
  the Africans to Cuba. However, abolitionists in
  the North opposed extradition and raised money to
  defend the Africans. Claims to the Africans by
  the planters, the government of Spain, and the
  captain of the brig led the case to trial in the
  Federal District Court in Connecticut.
• The court ruled that the case fell within Federal
  jurisdiction and that the claims to the Africans
  as property were not legitimate because they were
  illegally held as slaves. The case went to the
  Supreme Court in January 1841, and former
  President John Quincy Adams argued the
  defendants' case. Adams defended the right of the
  accused to fight to regain their freedom. The
  Supreme Court decided in favor of the Africans,
  and 35 of them were returned to their homeland.
  The others died at sea or in prison while
  awaiting trial.

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The Amistad Case
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Selling in America
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Life in America
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Life in America
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Life in America
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Culture In America
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Life in America
Fugitive Slave Act
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Fugitive Slave Act

• Of all the bills that made up the Compromise of
  1850, the Fugitive Slave Act was the most
  controversial. It required citizens to assist in
  the recovery of fugitive slaves. It denied a
  fugitive's right to a jury trial. (Cases would
  instead be handled by special commissioners --
  commissioners who would be paid 5 if an alleged
  fugitive were released and 10 if he or she were
  sent away with the claimant.) The act called for
  changes in filing for a claim, making the process
  easier for slaveowners. Also, according to the
  act, there would be more federal officials
  responsible for enforcing the law.
• For slaves attempting to build lives in the
  North, the new law was disaster. Many left their
  homes and fled to Canada. During the next ten
  years, an estimated 20,000 blacks moved to the
  neighboring country. Free blacks, too, were
  captured and sent to the South. With no legal
  right to plead their cases, they were completely
  defenseless.
• Passage of the Fugitive Slave Act made
  abolitionists all the more resolved to put an end
  to slavery. The Underground Railroad became more
  active, reaching its peak between 1850 and 1860.
  The act also brought the subject of slavery
  before the nation. Many who had previously been
  ambivalent about slavery now took a definitive
  stance against the institution.

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Notable Americans
Fredrick Douglass
Harriet Tubman
Sojourner Truth
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Emancipation
Jan. 1, 1863
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Emancipation
Abolitionist
Theodore Dwight Weld
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Civil War
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Reconstruction 1865-1877
Freedmans Bureau
Jim Crow
Black Codes
13th, 14th 15 Amendments
KKK
Plessy vs. Ferguson (1896)
Separate but equal