The Civil War

1
The Civil War

• By Molly Siebert

2
Compromise of 1850 (Clays Compromise)

• CA Free State
• UT and NM would have popular sovereignty over
  slavery
• South would have a stricter Fugitive Slave Law
• Fed govt pay TX to let go of NM
• North happy limited slavery and power of TX
• South happy defray TX expenses from Mexican war
  debt
• Stephen Douglas
• Senator from IL
• Decided that Compromose of 1850 should be voted
  on separately rather than on a whole
• Millard Fillmore
• Became President in 1850 after Taylor
  unexpectedly died
• He supported Compromise of 1850 and allowed it to
  pass

3

• Fugitive Slave Act
• Fugitives not entitled to trial by jury
• 10 reward for returning alleged fugitive
• 5 reward if person that freed them, returned
  them
• 1,000 fine/imprisonment for helping fugitive
• Personal Liberty Law
• Passed in North in response to Fugitive Slave Act
• Forbid imprisonment of runaway slaves
• Fugitive slaves would have jury trials

4

• Harriet Tubman Moses
• Conductor of the Underground Railroad
• Escaped from slavery when her owner died
• She fled to Philadelphia
• She made 19 trips back to the South and helped
  300 slaves (including her parents) flee to
  freedom
• Authorities had a 40,000 reward for her
• Harriet Beecher Stowe
• Published Uncle Toms Cabin in 1852
• Exposed the cruelty of slavery
• 3,000 copies sold the 1st day
• More than a million copies sold by 1853

5

• Kansas Nebraska Act 1854
• Proposed by Stephen Douglas
• Break Nebraska into 2 states
• Repealed the Missouri Compromise b/c it would
  allow slavery in the North
• Allowed popular sovereignty to determine slavery
• Sack of Lawrence
• North and South poured into Kansas
• Anti-slavery settlers founded Lawrence
• 800 pro slavery men burned down headquarters in
  Lawrence (destroyed 2 newspaper printing presses
  and looted houses and stores)

6

• John Brown
• Anti-slavery fanatic (God called on him to fight
  slavery)
• Heard about Lawrence and wanted revenge
• Mistakenly heard that 5 people killed in Lawrence
• He found 5 proslavery settlers chopped off
  their hands and stabbed them.
• Pottawatomic Massacre
• Bleeding Kansas
• John Browns massacre started fury in Kansas
• 200 people killed
• Territory became bloody and paranoid

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Politics

• Nativism
• Favored native born people
• Founded in 1849
• Feared increase in immigration
• Middle class protestants
• Formed the Know Nothing Party
• Free Soil Party
• Opposed extension of slavery into new territories
• Received 10 of the popular vote in 1848
• Didnt necessarily approve of African American
  rights didnt like competition of the free labor

8

• Dred Scott
• Slave from MO
• Moved to IL, WI and then back to MO
• Sued owner b/c should be free since lived in free
  states
• MO Supreme Court ruled in favor of Scotts owner,
  John Sanford
• Appealed to U.S. Supreme Court
• Dred Scott Decision 1857
• U.S. Supreme Court had 2 decisions
• Was he even eligible to sue (is he a citizen)
• Did residence in free states make him a free man?
• Chief Justice Taney influenced decision
• Dred Scott and all African Americans are not
  citizens and cannot vote
• Because slaves are property it make Missouri
  Compromise null/void
• It approved extension of slavery into territories
• Freeport Doctrine
• Came out of Lincoln-Douglas debate
• Douglas responded about slavery in territories
  and made it known that one could easily get
  around the Dred Scott decision

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Harpers Ferry

• October 16, 1859
• VA (now West Virginia)
• John Brown led 18 men to start and uprising and
  free slaves
• Local troops killed 8 of Browns men
• Robert Lee (w/ U.S. marines) stormed Browns
  barricade.
• Lee killed 2 more of Browns men and captured
  Brown
• December 1859, Brown was hung for treason

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Long Term Causes

• Economic
• Job Competition (for immigrants)
• different types of economy (industrial/capital
  North v. slave labor/agricultural South)
• Social/Moral
• Opposed to use of slave labor
• Uncle Toms Cabin
• Political (Increasing Sectionalism)
• Fugitive Slave Act/Personal Liberty Laws
• KS-NE Act (Bleeding Kansas)
• Dred Scott Decision

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Triggering Events

• Lincoln is elected President in 1860
• In February of 1861, The Confederate States of
  America is formed
• Jefferson Davis is elected President of the
  Confederate States
• Confederacy fires on South Carolina Union fort at
  Fort Sumter in April, 1861

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Source 1
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Timeline of Key Events

• July 21, 1861 Bull Run
• Stonewall Jackson earned his name
• Confederate victory
• Source 2

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Timeline Cont.

• September 1862 Antietam
• Union troops under McClellan found Lees army
  orders wrapped around Cigars
• McClellan actually acted aggressively
• Bloodiest single day battle in American history
• Casualties 26,000
• Battle was a standoff
• McClellan was fired in Nov. 1862

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Timeline Cont.

• Jan. 1863 Emancipation Proclamation
• Freed slaves under Confederate Rule (outside
  Union control)
• Military action aimed at the states in rebellion
• Source 5

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1863 Key Events

• Gettysburg (PA)
• 3 day battle
• 1st 2 days, the Confederates were in the lead
• It ended in a Union victory
• Union lost 23,000 and Confederates lost 28,000

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1863 Key Events Cont.

• Gettysburg Address (pg. 333)
• Lincoln spoke for 2 minutes
• Speech remade America
• Helped country realize it was a single nation,
  not just a collection of individual states
• Source 6

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Confederates Surrender

• April 9, 1865
• Private home in VA called Appomattox Court House
• Lee and Grant met to arrange a Confederate
  surrender
• At Lincolns request, terms were generous
• Sent Lees soldiers home w/ personal possessions,
  horses and 3 days of rations

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Source 9
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Misc.

• Andersonville Prison
• Atrocious conditions
• 33,000 men in an area of 26 acres
• No shelter from sun or rain (except when they
  made holes in dirt and rigging sticks with
  blankets)
• Drank from same stream that was sewer
• 1/3 of prisoners died

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Misc. Cont.

• Clara Barton Union nurse
• start of war worked as a clerk in the U.S. patent
  office
• Angel of the battlefield
• She helped decrease the death rate

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Clara Barton Source 10
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Lincolns Assassination

• April 14, 1865 (5 days after surrender)
• Lincoln and wife attending Our American Cousin
  at Fords Theatre in Washington
• John Wilkes Booth shot Lincoln in the back of the
  head
• Booth jumped off the balcony, broke his leg, but
  managed to escape
• 12 days later Booth was caught and shot dead

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Source 5
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Bibliography

• Texas Its Like a Whole Other Country. Rons
  Texas Page. Last Updated 7 December 2005.
  Online Posting. Date Retrieved 7 December 2005.
  www.qsl.net/ w5www/texas.htm
• American Civil War Stonewall Jackson. U.S.
  National Park Service. Online Posting. Date
  Retrieved 7 December 2005. http//americancivilwar
  .com/south/stonewall_jackson.html
• Military Leaders of the Civil War. Wild West
  Web. Online Posting. Date Retrieved 7 December
  2005. http//www.wildwestweb.net/cwleaders/cwleade
  rs.html
• The History Place. Online Posting. Date
  Retrieved 7 December 2005. http//www.historyplace
  .com/lincoln/lincpix/lee.jpg

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Bibliography Cont.

• 5. Library of Congress. Primary Documents in
  American History. Online Posting. Date
  Retrieved 7 December 2005. http//memory.loc.gov/s
  ervice/pnp/cph/3b50000/3b53000/3b53000/3b53030r.jp
  g
• 6. The Harvard Mahoney Neuroscience Institute
  Letter On the Brain. Language on the Brain.
  Online Posting. Date Retrieved 7 December 2005.
  http//www.med.harvard.edu/publications/On_The_Bra
  in/Volume4/Number4/Picts/linc.jpg
• 7. Son of the South. Nathan Bedford Forrest.
  Online Posting. Date Retrieved 7 December 2005.
  http//www.sonofthesouth.net/leefoundation/Nathan_
  Bedford_Forrest.htm
• 8. Aztec Club. William Tecumseh Sherman.
  Online Posting. Date Retrieved 7 December 2005.
  www.aztecclub.com/ biopix/Sherman2bb.jpg

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Bibliography Cont.

• 9. Civil War Photos. Online Posting. Date
  Retrieved 7 December 2005. www.civilwarphotos.net/
  files/images/474.jpg
• 10. Montgomery Red Cross. Clara Barton
  Society. Last Updated 5
• September 2005. Online Posting. Date
  Retrieved 7 December
• 2005. chapters.redcross.org/.
  ../ClaraBarton.jpg