The New Deal

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The New Deal
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The Old Deal
What?

• President Hoovers reaction to the Great
  Depression

President Herbert Hoover
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The Old Deal
What did he want to do?

• Let the business cycle take care of things

• Refused to create government programs until it
  was too late

Children in one of the Bonus Army Camps
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The Bonus Army 1932
Who?

• 25,000 WWI veterans

What?

• Marched to Washington D.C. to get a bonus they
  were supposed to get in 1945

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The Bonus Army 1932
What did Hoover do?

• Called out the troops and dispersed the army

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The Election of 1932
What?

• Roosevelt offers a New Deal for America

• Roosevelt wins with 60 of the vote

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Thinking slide
Was Hoover a bad president or was he in the wrong
place at the wrong time?
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Roosevelts New Deal

• What?

• Programs meant to help the country by getting the
  government involved in the economy

Meant to do 3 things
1. Relief - help people out in the short term 2.
Recovery - get the economy back on its feet 3.
Reform - keep this from everyhappening again
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Repealing of Prohibition

• 21st Amendment - repealed prohibition (18th
  Amendment
• Question Why repeal prohibition?
• What was wrong with the 18th Amendment? What
  problems did it cause? What good did it do?

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Bank Holiday - First Step

• Why?

• Many banks had failed, wiping out families
  savings

• People lost confidence in the banks

Depositors Congregate Outside Closed Bank
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Next Step - Alphabet Soup
Hundred Days

• In the first 100 days of his administration
  Roosevelt passes tons of legislation

Alphabet Soup

• The agencies he creates (like AAA, CCC, TVA,
  FERA, FDIC)

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Next Step - Alphabet Soup
FDIC - Federal Depositors Insurance Corp.

• Insurance for the you put in banks

• Protected peoples savings

Bank Employee Checks Depositor's Account
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His Greatest Mistake
Packing the Supreme Court
What?

• Increase the of Supreme Court justices from 9
  to 15

Why?

• Kept declaring his programs unconstitutional
  (including NRA, AAA, SEC, etc.)

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His Greatest Mistake
Packing the Supreme Court
Results?

• Public grew angry (FDR taking too much power)

• FDR passed much less legislation after this

Supreme Court Exterior
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Other Critics

• Demagogues leaders who manipulate people with
  half truths.
• Father Charles Coughlin
• Radio Priest radio show reaching 10 million
• Originally supported FDR and New Deal
• 1934 - National Union for Social Justice
• Called FDR Franklin Double Crossing Roosevelt
  and a betrayer and liar
• Coughlins ideas were reckless
• 1942 ordered by Catholic Church to stop
  broadcasting show.

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More Critics

• Huey Long
• US Senator from Louisiana
• Redistribution of Wealth
• Only could make up to 1 million dollars
• The rest would be collected by government and
  redistributed to give every American family a
  minimum household estate of 5000 dollars and
  minimum income of 2500 dollars.
• Also called for
• Shorter working hours, more vet benefits,
  education payments and pensions for elderly.

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More Critics

• Dr. Francis Townsend
• Wanted more done for older Americans in the New
  Deal.
• Americans specifically 60 and over (pension
  plans)

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A Political Partnership

• Franklin Roosevelt
• Appealing blend of cheerfulness, optimism, and
  confidence
• An effective communicator (ex. fireside chats)
• A reform-minded Democrat
• Believed the government could solve economic and
  social problems

• Eleanor Roosevelt
• Eyes and ears of her husband
• Directed efforts to solve several major social
  issues (ex. lynching of African Americans)
• Wrote her own newspaper column
• Had the trust and affection of many Americans

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The New Deal - Pros and Cons
Pros

• Restored optimism and hope to Americans

• Provided necessary relief to many

Cons

• Did not really fix the depression

• Left the nation with much debt

• Left people too dependent on government (?)

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Questions

• Why was FDR's administration labeled the "New
  Deal?"  What were its three goals?
• What sort of relationship did President Roosevelt
  develop with the press and the public?
• What role did the radio play in Depression-era
  America?
• What role did Mrs. Roosevelt play in her
  husband's administration?
• Why did FDR engage in a series of "Fireside
  Chats" with the American people?