Speaking to Persuade

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Speaking to Persuade

• Chapter 15

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What is Persuasion?

• Communicating
• With the use of arguments
• To voluntarily change an
• Attitude, belief or behavior.

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Persuasion is not

• Coercion
• -Using force to persuade.
• Manipulation
• -Using trickery to persuade.

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Complexities of Persuasive Speaking

• Most difficult type of speech to give
• Deals with controversial issues
• Isnt always successful
• A speaker needs to consider the target audience.

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Target Audience

• Those in your audience you are most likely to
  persuade.
• Your focus when planning, preparing, researching,
  writing, and delivering your speech.

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Degrees of Persuasion
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Goals of Persuasive Speaking

• Speaking to Influence Thinking
• Desire to gain intellectual agreement.
• Example To persuade my audience that immigrants
  enrich American society and business life.
• 2. Speaking to Motivate Action
• Tries to impel listeners to take action.
• Example To persuade my audience not to buy
  groceries from markets that do not support
  dolphin-safe tuna fishing products.

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How To Motivate Action

• Dont just imply, tell the audience what they
  need to do in response to your speech.
• Send around a petition
• Pass out a sign-up sheet
• Get a show of hands
• Be careful not to overly pressure listeners!

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Three Types of Persuasive Speeches

• Speeches on Questions of Fact
• Fact something that can be proven or verified.
• Example To persuade my audience that O.J.
  Simpson murdered his wife.
• What type of occupation does this type of
  persuasive speech on a routine basis?

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Three Types of Persuasive Speeches

• Speeches on Questions of Value
• Value personal beliefs of what is right/wrong,
  good/bad, moral/immoral.
• Example To persuade my audience to vote to bad
  stem cell research in the U.S. because it is
  morally wrong.
• Most difficult of the types of persuasive
  speeches.

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Three Types of Persuasive Speeches

• Speeches on Questions of Policy
• Policy suggests specific actions
• Decides whether something should or should not be
  done.
• Example To persuade my audience that Congress
  should ban public smoking nationwide.

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Fact, Value or Policy?

• President Franklin D. Roosevelt knew in advance
  about the Japanese plan to attack Pearl Harbor
  and allowed it to happen.
• Fact
• The use of lie detector tests for screening
  employees in private business should be banned by
  law.
• Policy

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Fact, Value, or Policy?

• Colorizing classic movies such as Casablanca
  violates the artistic integrity of such movies.
• Value
• If Franklin D. Roosevelt knew in advance about
  the Japanese plan to attack Pearl Harbor, he was
  wrong in allowing it to happen.
• Value

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Fact, Value, or Policy?

• If trunk safety releases were standard in all
  cars sold in the United States, we could save
  several hundred lives every year.
• Fact
• Congress should protect the artistic integrity of
  movies such as Casablanca by passing a law
  prohibiting the colorization of classic American
  films.
• Policy

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Organizational Patterns for Persuasive Speeches

• Monroes Motivated Sequence
• Problem-Solution Pattern
• Statement-of-Reason
• Comparative-Advantage Pattern