SP111

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SP111

• Dr. Kelly Brennan
• Its great to have you here today!

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Benefits of Public Speaking
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Benefits of Public Speaking

• It is said that we learn
• 10 of what we read
• 20 of what we hear
• 30 of what we see
• 70 of what we speak

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Public Speaking
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Public Speaking
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Harvard Business Review 2005 states

• A recent survey of 428 personnel managers
  indicated that oral communication skills were the
  most important factors for obtaining employment
  and promotions.

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US Dept. of Education 2005 reported that

• Language and thought are interconnected and as
  undergraduate students develop their linguistic
  skills, students hone the quality of their
  thinking and become intellectually and socially
  empowered.

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Lee Iacocca, Chairman of the Chrysler Corporation
once said

• The most important thing I learned in college
  was how to communicate. You can have brilliant
  ideas but if you cant get them across, your
  brains wont get you anywhere.

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Ralph Waldo Emerson said

• All great speakers were once bad speakers. You
  have to believe in yourself and know that it is
  up to you and no one else to chose to be great.
  Chose now to be great.

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Fear of Speaking or Communication Apprehension
(CA)
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Fear of Speaking or Communication Apprehension
(CA)

• Students tend to stress out in 3 different ways
  before, during and after their speeches.
• 1. Physiological
• 2. Emotional
• 3. Psychological

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Physical Stress

• Before Speech
• Sleepless nights
• Upset stomach
• Dizziness
• Tingling sensations in hands and/or legs

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Physical Stress

• During and After Speech
• Trembling knees
• Sweaty palms
• Light headedness
• Dry mouth
• Too much saliva
• Nervous cough or laugh
• Shaky or strained voice

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Emotional Stress

• Before, During and After Speech
• Feelings of overwhelmed fear
• Loss of control
• Depression
• Panic
• Anxiety
• Helplessness
• Anger
• Inadequacy
• And more

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Psychological Stress

• Before, During and After Speech
• Loss of memory
• Negative thoughts or self-talk
• Jumbled thought patterns
• Nervous repetition of words or phrases ah, umm,
  you know?
• Awkward pauses

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Youre not alone!

• Many people feel the fear and stress of public
  speaking. No one is immune to the physiological,
  psychological and emotional changes that come
  with speaking opportunities.

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Carol Burnett said

• The idea of making a speech terrifies me, I
  become a nervous wreck. I would rather scrub
  floors than give a public speech.

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Meryl Streep said

• It is odd, I have this career that spans the
  globe but the pathetic reality is that I cannot
  get up in front of a crowd of people and speak.
  I get very nervous and freak out!

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Other people who feel this way are

• Ronald Regan
• Barbara Streisand
• Tom Cruise
• Oprah Winfrey
• George W. Bush
• Jewel
• Mel Gibson
• John F. Kennedy
• William Clinton

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(No Transcript)
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How do you cope with communication apprehension?
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12 Coping Strategies

• 1. Know how you react to stress.

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12 Coping Strategies

• 1. Know how you react to stress.
• 2. Know your strengths and weaknesses.

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12 Coping Strategies

• 1. Know how you react to stress.
• 2. Know your strengths and weaknesses.
• 3. Know basic speech principles.

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12 Coping Strategies

• 1. Know how you react to stress.
• 2. Know your strengths and weaknesses.
• 3. Know basic speech principles.
• 4. Know that it always looks and feels worse
  from the inside.

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12 Coping Strategies

• 1. Know how you react to stress.
• 2. Know your strengths and weaknesses.
• 3. Know basic speech principles.
• 4. Know that it always looks and feels worse
  from the inside.
• 5. Know your speech.

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12 Coping Strategies

• 1. Know how you react to stress.
• 2. Know your strengths and weaknesses.
• 3. Know basic speech principles.
• 4. Know that it always looks and feels worse
  from the inside.
• 5. Know your speech.
• 6. Believe in your topic.

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12 Coping Strategies

• 7. View speechmaking positively.

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12 Coping Strategies

• 7. View speechmaking positively.
• 8. Visualize success.

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12 Coping Strategies

• 7. View speechmaking positively.
• 8. Visualize success.
• 9. Project confidence while speaking

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12 Coping Strategies

• 7. View speechmaking positively.
• 8. Visualize success.
• 9. Project confidence while speaking
• 10. Test your message by practicing in front of
  friends.

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12 Coping Strategies

• 7. View speechmaking positively.
• 8. Visualize success.
• 9. Project confidence while speaking
• 10. Test your message by practicing in front of
  friends.
• 11. Practice your delivery.

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12 Coping Strategies

• 7. View speechmaking positively.
• 8. Visualize success.
• 9. Project confidence while speaking
• 10. Test your message by practicing in front of
  friends.
• 11. Practice your delivery.
• 12. Learn from experience.

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Give yourself permission to NOT be perfect!

• Known as the Locus of Power
• Train the butterflies to fly in formation ?

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Topic Selection
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Topic Selection

• Picking a topic for a speech is half the battle
  in the speech making process.

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Topic Selection

• In order to select the best topic possible it is
  imperative to note that there is no such thing as
  the perfect topic, it doesnt exists!
• There are two questions one needs to ask
  themselves in order to pick the best topic
  possible.

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Topic Selection

• What do you want to give your speech on?
• What will fit the speaking occasion?
• Take out a sheet of paper, please.

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Topic Selection

• Self-Generated

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Topic Selection

• Self-Generated
• Other-Generated

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Topic Selection

• Self-Generated
• Other-Generated
• Occasion-Generated

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Topic Selection

• Self-Generated
• Other-Generated
• Occasion-Generated
• Research-Generated

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Narrow Topic

• It is important to narrow down the topic to the
  time parameter of the speaking assignment.
• One method is known as Visual Brainstorming.

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Visual Brainstorming - Advertising
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Topic Selection 4 Qts.

• Am I interested or likely to become interested in
  the topic?

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Topic Selection 4 Qts.

• Am I interested or likely to become interested in
  the topic?
• Is my audience interested or likely to become
  interested in the topic?

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Topic Selection 4 Qts.

• Am I interested or likely to become interested in
  the topic?
• Is my audience interested or likely to become
  interested in the topic?
• Do I have sufficient time to research the topic?

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Topic Selection 4 Qts.

• Am I interested or likely to become interested in
  the topic?
• Is my audience interested or likely to become
  interested in the topic?
• Do I have sufficient time to research the topic?
• Do I understand the research enough articulate my
  topic to the audience?

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Organization or Structure
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Body of Speech

• Write the body of the speech first, this is
  accomplished through a process known as
  outlining.

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Outline

• Visual (working) Outline

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Outline

• Visual (working) Outline
• Formal Outline

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Outline

• Visual (working) Outline
• Formal Outline
• Speakers Outline

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Outline

• Visual (working) Outline
• Formal Outline
• Speakers Outline
• Look to the examples in the textbook and handout.

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Body of Speech usually has three main points

• Topical Division

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Body of Speech usually has three main points

• Topical Division
• Chronological Division

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Body of Speech usually has three main points

• Topical Division
• Chronological Division
• Spatial Division

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Body of Speech usually has three main points

• Topical Division
• Chronological Division
• Spatial Division
• Cause/Effect Division

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Body of Speech usually has three main points

• Topical Division
• Chronological Division
• Spatial Division
• Cause/Effect Division
• Pro-con Division

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Development Every speech needs to present
information. Some of the ways are

• Visual Aids size, appropriateness and quality.

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Development Every speech needs to present
information. Some of the ways are

• Visual Aids size, appropriateness and quality.
• Examples

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Development Every speech needs to present
information. Some of the ways are

• Visual Aids size, appropriateness and quality.
• Examples
• Stories

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Development Every speech needs to present
information. Some of the ways are

• Visual Aids size, appropriateness and quality.
• Examples
• Stories
• Comparisons

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Development Every speech needs to present
information. Some of the ways are

• Visual Aids size, appropriateness and quality.
• Examples
• Stories
• Comparisons
• Contrast

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Development Every speech needs to present
information. Some of the ways are

• Visual Aids size, appropriateness and quality.
• Examples
• Stories
• Comparisons
• Contrast
• Statistics

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Development Every speech needs to present
information. Some of the ways are

• Visual Aids size, appropriateness and quality.
• Examples
• Stories
• Comparisons
• Contrast
• Statistics
• Quotations

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Development Every speech needs to present
information. Some of the ways are

• Visual Aids size, appropriateness and quality.
• Examples
• Stories
• Comparisons
• Contrast
• Statistics
• Quotations
• Definitions

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Introduction 4 objectives

• 1. Get the attention of the audience
• Ask a question
• Arouse audiences curiosity
• Stimulate audiences imagination
• Quote

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Introduction 4 objectives

• 2. Establish the importance of your topic.
• 3. State your topic.
• 4. Preview your main points
• e.g., Today I am going to talk to you
  about_______, by first_____, second______ and
  finally______.

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Conclusion 2 objectives

• 1. Summarize your main points (also called a
  review statement), this should parallel your
  preview
• e.g., Today I HAVE talked to you about_______,
  by first_____, second______ and finally______.

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Conclusion 2 objectives

• 2. Conclusions should have a FINAL THOUGHT that
  offers closure to your speech.
• A popular method that speakers use is known as
  CIRCULAR CONCLUSION that echoes or refers to
  the attention-getting step of the introduction.

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Impromptu Speaking

• Mark Twain said It usually takes me more than
  three weeks to prepare a good impromptu speech.
• But, you ask, how can I prepare if it is
  impromptu?

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Impromptu Speaking
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Impromptu Speaking

• What is impromptu speaking?

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5 steps to impromptu speaking
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5 steps to impromptu speaking

• 1. Select one thought.

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5 steps to impromptu speaking

• 1. Select one thought.
• 2. Organize your thought into a pattern.

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5 steps to impromptu speaking

• 1. Select one thought.
• 2. Organize your thought into a pattern.
• 3. Support your points with specifics.

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5 steps to impromptu speaking

• 1. Select one thought.
• 2. Organize your thought into a pattern.
• 3. Support your points with specifics.
• 4. Construct an introduction.

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5 steps to impromptu speaking

• 1. Select one thought.
• 2. Organize your thought into a pattern.
• 3. Support your points with specifics.
• 4. Construct an introduction.
• 5. Construct a conclusion.

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When selecting a word

• Today I have been given the word______ and when I
  think of this word I think of_________.
• I will talk about (word) by first____, and
  Finally______.

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Impromptu Outline

• Introduction (30-45 seconds)
• Attention-getter
• Preview points
• Body (3 minutes)
• I. Main point (60-90 seconds)
• II. Main point (60-90 seconds)
• Conclusion (30-45 seconds)
• Summary of main points.
• Final Thought.

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Impromptu Process
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Impromptu Process

• 1. Students randomly called.
• 2. Select one word from assigned word bracket (4
  words in bracket).
• 3. Two minutes to prepare for your 3-5
  minute speech.
• 4. Give Speech Have fun!

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Practice words

• 1. Energy, Lamp, Music, Talk
• 2. Star, Ship, Mistake, Freedom
• 3. Plane, Water, Wish, Bill

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How to Give a Successful Impromptu Speechby
Chris King
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How to Give a Successful Impromptu Speech

• Be prepared

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How to Give a Successful Impromptu Speech

• Be prepared
• Be willing and able

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How to Give a Successful Impromptu Speech

• Be prepared
• Be willing and able
• Organize your thoughts

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How to Give a Successful Impromptu Speech

• Be prepared
• Be willing and able
• Organize your thoughts
• Take the platform with enthusiasm and confidence

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How to Give a Successful Impromptu Speech

• Be prepared
• Be willing and able
• Organize your thoughts
• Take the platform with enthusiasm and confidence
• Never, never apologize or make excuses

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How to Give a Successful Impromptu Speech

• Be prepared
• Be willing and able
• Organize your thoughts
• Take the platform with enthusiasm and confidence
• Never, never apologize or make excuses
• Avoid the common blunders

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How to Give a Successful Impromptu Speech

• Be prepared
• Be willing and able
• Organize your thoughts
• Take the platform with enthusiasm and confidence
• Never, never apologize or make excuses
• Avoid the common blunders
• Enjoy the appreciation!

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Impromptu Speeches

• Relax
• Talk about what you know
• Dont worry about time
• Remember, when little has been given (TIME),
  little can be expected.
• HAVE FUN!

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Next Week

• Impromptu Speeches.
• Keep up on the readings and enjoy the process to
  becoming a great speaker! ?

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See you next week ?