Monitoring Poverty and MDGs

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Monitoring Poverty and MDGs
Zulfiqar Ali Research Fellow BIDS, Dhaka 20
June 2005
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Contents

• Types of Indicators to Monitor
• Monitoring Frequency
• Monitoring Body
• Monitoring System

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Indicator Proportion of population below US 1
per day (Goal 1, Target 1)

• Household income or expenditure in a given period
  of time
• Household size
• Age-sex composition

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Indicator Net Enrollment Rate in primary
Education (Goal 2, Target 3)

• Age-sex composition of the children
• Whether in school or not?
• If in school, which class?

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Indicator Proportion of pupil starting class I
who reach class V (Goal 2, Target 3)

• Class-specific enrollment by year and school
• To record if someone drops out or joins in
• Why?

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Indicator Ratio of Girls to Boys in primary,
Secondary and Tertiary Education (Goal 3, Target
4)

• Whether to school or not?
• Which level (class)?
• Class-specific enrollment of boys and girls at
  different levels of education

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Indicator Proportion of population with access
to improved sanitation (Goal 7, Target 10)

• Types of toilets used by the households
• Area of residence

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Frequency of Monitoring

• Ideally, as frequent as possible
• However, minimum time required to meaningfully
  measure the indicators
• May differ depending on the types of indicators
  to monitor
• Once in every year?

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Monitoring level

• Goals and Targets are set at the national level
  only
• There is, however, large variations in the
  current status of MDG indicators between
  different regions of the country

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Monitoring level (contd.)

• Example, while access to water sealed toilet is
  53 in Dhaka, it is only 3 in Jamalpur
• Focusing only at the national (average) level
  will not help much in actually gaining the
  benefit of MDG achievements by all regions equally

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Monitoring level (contd.)

• A disaggregated (local-based) approach to MDG
  achievement is therefore required
• Hence, monitoring of MDGs must also take place at
  the local levels
• At which levels (division, district, Upazila or
  Union)?

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Monitoring level (contd.)

• Determination of levels would depend on, among
  others, capacity and resources
• Preference should be at the Union level utilizing
  the long-standing local government set up at that
  level in Bangladesh

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Monitoring Body

• Respective government agencies
• Relevant other organizations
• Local government institutions

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Institutional Framework

• Need to identify sources of data for different
  indicators
• Identify organizations responsible to collect
  information on different indicators
• Deciding on the frequencies and levels
• Establishing a system of monitoring through
  effective coordination between different
  organizations with a lead agency responsible for
  coordination

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Outputs

• Annual Report/Statistics at all levels (union,
  district and national)
• Database accessible to all users