Jakarta Air Quality Management: Trends and Policies

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Jakarta Air Quality Management Trends and
Policies

• Delivered by
• Kosasih Wirahadikusumah,
• Head of Jakarta Environmental Management Agency
• Jakarta Metropolitan Government
• On The Regional Workshop on Better Air Quality
• In Asian and Pacific Rim Cities 2002
• Hongkong, December 16, 2002

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DKI JAKARTA
Legend Land area 661,62 km.sq Total
Population 9.604,900 Population density
14.500/km sq
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Air Pollution
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Trends of Air Pollution in Jakarta

• Air pollution has increased drastically since
  1990
• Socio-economical costs 1990 already US 220
  million
• Motorized vehicles are the main source of air
  pollution

Main reasons are
1990 2001 - motorization Private Cars
485,844 1.130,396 Public Vehicles 169,027
253,648 Trucks 216,662 347,443
Motorcycles 804,186 1.813.136 Total
1,649,037 3.544.723 - poor
public/mass transportation services -
characteristic of fuel gasoline/low quality -
vehicle with old technology - poor engine
maintenance Urbair Report, World Bank 1997
Statistik
Indonesia, Badan Pusat Statistik
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Fuel Consumption in Jakarta
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Motorized Vehicles Categories Numbers
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Other Stationary of Air Pollution in Jakarta
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Load of Air Pollution, Jakarta 1999
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Ambient Air Quality of Jakarta
Source Bapedalda DKI Jakarta 1. Residential
Area 2. Commercial Area 4. Recreation Area A.
Kel. Duri Kosambi F. Kel. Gambir I. Kel.
Ancol B. Kel. Pegadungan C. Kel.
Cipedak 3. Industrial Area D. Kel. Tebet
G. Kel. Cilincing E. Kel. Pinang Ranti
H. Kel. Rawa Terate
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Ambient Air Quality of Jakarta
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POLLUTION STANDARD INDEX
DOMINANT POLLUTANT - PARTICULATE /PM-10 -
OZON
AIR TYPE TROPICAL
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Air Quality Management in Jakarta

• Policy Formulation
• Formulated and accomodated officially on
  the Five Year Regional Development Plan Jakarta
  Strategic Plan

• Promotion of Alternative Clean Fuel Gasoline
• Perum PPD (State Owned Public Transport
  Enterprise), 90 buses use gas fuel and 1377 unit
  taxis are equipped with LNG/CNG fuel converters
  and this year another 1208 unit taxis will be
  equipped with LNG/CNG fuel converters.
• 700 units official car of local government is
  equipped with LNG/CNG fuel converters.
• Started July 1, 2001 through PERTAMINA (national
  oil enterprise) has introduced and supplied
  unleaded gasoline in Jabotabek (Jakarta and its
  suburb) area, without increasing the gasoline
  price (public incentive)

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• Air Quality Monitoring

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4. Industrial and Vehicles Emissions Control

• Industrial emissions control
• Under the Blue Sky Program (issued by The
  Ministry of Environment) there are 20 industries
  intensively under control. The 20 industries are
  steel melting (7), power plant (3), and glass
  melting (4) and textile (6). All the industries
  have signed the agreement with the Government of
  Jakarta that they will fulfill the emission
  standard by the end of 2004.

• Vehicles Emissions Control
• Recently compulsory to have emission test limited
  to public transportation, cargo, truck and buses
  and because of the economical crisis not all the
  vehicles follow the test and this condition makes
  the air quality getting worse.
• The institution for vehicle emission test has
  several actions such as strengthening the
  capabilities and facilities for roadworthiness
  and implementing law enforcement.
• Inspection Maintenance Program (IM) for
  Private Car

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5. Public Campaign
The major purpose of the program mainly
focuses on encouraging public awareness and
increase public participation on specific urban
environmental problem especially air polution.

• The actions include
• Dissemination information through all media
• Collaboration between Local Government, NGOS,
  Private Sectors, Academia, Police Dept.
• Free Emissions test for Private Cars

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6. Urban Greenery
Promoting the urban greening program via land use
planning policies, targetting 35 of the total
urban area. Existing green area is now only 14
7. Low Cost Traffic Management
Minimizing the impact of traffic congestion and
the other impact it may cause
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Conclusion

• Paralel with the urban development and
  urbanization, Jakarta has experienced serious air
  pollution problem associated with the use of
  energy in transportation sector and industries.
  Concentrations of several pollutan along major
  roads have reached hazardous level and at several
  locations TSP concentration exceed the standard.

• The Government of DKI Jakarta has carried out The
  Clean Air Program /Prodasih in order to improve
  air quality in Jakarta and to promote public
  awareness on specific urban environmental issues
  i.e air pollution

• The overall design and implementation of The
  Clean Air Program is initiated and predominated
  by the role of the government but open for public
  participation an private sectors in the provision
  and the operation of the necessary facilities

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Conclusion

• The implementation and enforcement of the
  regulatory at present is not fully effective yet
  and it has been restrained by inadequate expert,
  funds and equipments, political will, limited
  public support and participation, unclear or
  overlapping and uncoordinated institutional
  responsibilities.

• Local institutions will require substantial
  strengthening in terms of human resources,
  organizational structure, facilities and
  financial resources based on cooperation among
  various parties (private sectors, NGOs,
  international cooperation, etc)

• Public awareness and information dissemination
  are of importance to be progressed continually in
  order to implement the entire program such as
  inspection and maintenance, using fuel gas ,
  unleaded gasoline, greening program and other
  environmentally sound program

• The polluters-pays principle should be considered
  to be implemented as an economics instrument in
  order to success the Clean Air Program