ECONOMICAL ANALYSIS OF GREENHOUSE HEATING WITH HOT WASTE WATER FROM OIL FIELD

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ECONOMICAL ANALYSIS OF GREENHOUSE HEATING WITH
HOT WASTE WATER FROM OIL FIELD

• Umran Serpen and Kerem Babalik
• Petroleum and Natural Gas Eng. Dept. of Istanbul
  Technical University, Maslak/Istanbul
• Turkish Petroleum Co., Batman Regional District.

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OUTLINE

• Introduction.
• Heat requirements of the Karakush Area.
• Greenhouse Heating Design with Karakush Hot Waste
  Water.
• Economic Analysis of Greenhouses Heated by Hot
  Waste Water from Oil Field.
• Discussion and Results.

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Introduction

• Turkey is rich in her geothermal resources.
• Geothermal energy utilization has lately become
  popular in Turkey.
• But those geothermal resources are hydrothermal
  ones.
• Enhanced geothermal systems have not gained any
  footage in Turkish geothermal industry.
• On the other hand, there are semi-thermal
  resources too.

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Introduction

• Geothermal energy involved in this study is heat
  energy produced from semi-thermal resources.
• As known, unlike hydrothermal systems
  semi-thermal systems take place in sedimentary
  basins.
• Kâhta County that is close to Karakush oil field
  is situated in mid-east of Turkey where some oil
  deposits are found.

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Location of Kahta County and Karakush oil field.
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Introduction

• Heat flow studies conducted in our Petroleum and
  Natural Gas Eng. Department indicated that
  several semi-thermal resources might exist in
  this region of Turkey.
• The temperature gradient in the Karakush area is
  relatively high (7oC/100 m). Some of those
  resources are associated to oil fields.
• Hot waters are produced with oil in our oil
  fields exploitation range from 65oC to 90oC.
• With increasing water cut during oil production
  heat from hot water could be utilized for
  different direct use purposes

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Heat requirements of the Karakush Area

• The wells in Karakush field are situated at an
  elevation of 844 m.
• Karakush oil field had continental type climate.
• Degree-day values for the county are computed by
  using average monthly weather temperatures of
  Kahta.
• The coldest month of Kahta is January and its
  degree-day of heating value is of 328.6
  (DD)month.

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Degree-Day Values for Karakush Area.
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Heat requirements of the Karakush Area

• In designing a greenhouse, first peak heat load
  of its structure is defined, and then heat losses
  are computed through the surface of the
  structure.
• Heat losses of the structure are
• (a) heat transmission losses through the walls
  and the roof, and
• (b) infiltration and ventilation losses.

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Heating Potential of Karakush Oil Field Waste
Water

• Hot water collected from Karakush oil field has
  616 t/h (171 kg/s) flow rate at 80?C temperature,
  which will supply heat to greenhouses.
• Heating power potential of waste water from
  Karakush oil field is calculated as 5.2 MWt.
• Amount of heat provided by geothermal fluid, is
  13,440,728 (MJ).

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Number of glass greenhouses.
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Number of fiberglass greenhouses.
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Number of single poly greenhouses.
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Number of double poly greenhouses.
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Heating System

• Heating greenhouses can be achieved by soil
  heating or bare tube system. In this study, for
  different indoor temperatures and various glazing
  material soil heating and bare tube heating are
  investigated.
• A suitable temperature for employees working in
  the greenhouse should be defined.
• To decide the most suitable glazing material in
  designing greenhouse heating system efficiency
  parameters such as indoor temperature and the
  heat load values of January are taken into
  account.
• If indoor temperatures of 12?C and 17?C are
  selected, soil heating system is found suitable.
  If indoor temperature of 22?C is chosen, bare
  tube system seems more suitable and more
  profitable.

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Installation of Large Size Single Glass Greenhouse

• So far all designs are based on standard size
  greenhouses and their numbers are investigated
  for available heat load from the waste water.
• If the size of greenhouses is enlarged heat
  losses are minimized and the profitability is
  maximized.
• Greenhouses installed in Dikili region of Turkey
  are good examples of this sort. Glass greenhouses
  have advantage of strength and longevity over
  other greenhouses with different glazing
  materials.

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Standart Size Single Greenhouses
Large Size Single Greenhouse
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Economics of Standard Greenhouses

• Costs are based on number of greenhouses
  calculated in design stage.
• Net present value (NPV) calculations are based on
  100 of heating efficiency.
• Capital cost of greenhouse installations is
  assumed as 64.5 /m2 in Turkey, and land cost for
  greenhouse is assumed as 10/m2 in that region of
  Turkey.
• Cash flows are calculated on the basis of 3500
  t/year/ha cultivated produce and its EU export
  selling price of 2.5 /kg. Using all these input
  parameters, economic analysis is done for each
  glazing material and each indoor temperature that
  are considered in designing. Project life is
  assumed as 20 years.

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Capital Costs for Hot Water Transport.
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NPVs for Glass Greenhouse and Different Indoor
Design Temperatures.
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NPVs for Fiberglass Greenhouse and
Different Indoor Design Temperatures.
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NPVs for Single-poly Greenhouse and
Different Indoor Design Temperatures.
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NPVs for Double-poly Greenhouse and
Different Indoor Design Temperatures.
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NPVs for Large Scale Glass Greenhouse and
Different Indoor Design Temperatures.
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Results

• Hot waste water from the Karakush oil field could
  be utilized to heat greenhouses with different
  glazing materials for cultivating different
  produces, and it is a profitable business.
• Our designs indicate that most suitable glazing
  material is double-poly, which would be twice
  profitable than single-poly.
• In Karakush area, hot waste water source could
  supply heat for 20 to 261 standard greenhouses,
  depending upon the produces cultivated.
• As for the heating systems, soil heating
  utilization will be more suitable for indoor
  temperatures of 12?C and 17?C while bare tube
  heating will be more favorable and profitable for
  indoor temperatures of 22?C.

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Results (Cont.)

• A single large scale glass greenhouse could be
  also installed in Karakush area. The area covered
  by this sort of greenhouse will be larger than
  the total area covered by single standard
  greenhouses. Exploitation of large scale glass
  greenhouse will be more profitable than a number
  of single greenhouses.
• When heating is not necessary, food drying will
  enhance utilization factor of the resource.
• Using flare gas produced from the oil field,
  greenhouses could be designed for less than 100
  of peak load, thus area of greenhouses could be
  substantially increased.