LAHORE the heart of Pakistan

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LAHOREthe heart of Pakistan

• City District Government
• Lahore
• 13th to 15th December 2004

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Background
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Climate
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Major Environmental Concerns

• Air Pollution
• Water Contamination
• Solid Waste Disposal
• Hazardous Waste Disposal
• Noise Pollution
• Municipal Sewerage Waste Disposal

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Main Sources of Air Pollution
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Vehicular Emissions
Main Sources of Air Pollution
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Burning of Municipal Solid Waste
Main Sources of Air Pollution
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Cottage/ Major Industrial Pollution
Main Sources of Air Pollution
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Air Monitoring Data of Lahore March 2001
Based on 24 Hour Monitoring Source EPA Punjab
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Air Monitoring Data of Lahore, October 2004
Source EPA Punjab
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Air Quality Monitoring

• One Air Quality Monitoring Lab (Mobile) is
  available with the Punjab EPA.
• Lack of Air Monitoring Equipment
• No readily available data for the Air Quality
• Most of the assessments are made on visual
  assessments
• Winters are worse when smog and fog engulfs the
  city.

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Effects of Air Pollution

• Health Problems
• Bronchial Irritation
• Heart Problems
• Anemia
• Asthma
• Eye Irritation
• Reparatory Diseases
• Serious consequences relation to new born and
  unborn babies.

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Awareness

• Lack of Awareness about the Environmental issues
  in general as well as the adverse affects of poor
  Air Quality and the Remedial measures amongst
• General Public
• Politicians
• Vehicle Operators
• Managers
• This Non- Awareness especially pertains to the
  Air Pollutants i.e. PM10, SO2, CO, NOx.
• Absence of permanent monitoring facilities.

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Political Will

• Lack of Political Will
• For the Enforcement of the Environmental Law
• For the Sustainable Policy on the Environment
• For Environment Friendly Projects
• For priority based budgetary allocations to the
  Environment sector

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Sustainable Development

• More priority on the Infrastructure Development
• Less or NO priority to the Sustainable
  Development Policies
• No Environmental Impact Assessment for the major
  projects

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Vehicular Problem/ Pollution

• Lack of proper Transport Policy
• Weak coordination mechanism between various stake
  holders associated with Transport
• Transport Policy/ guidelines which are not
  Environment friendly
• One nuisance replaces another nuisance
• Tonga/ Horse carts were replaced by Motorcycle
  rickshaws which have brought more nuisance and
  air pollution to the city.

Motor-cycle Rickshaw- Bigger Nuisance
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Motor-cycle Rickshaw- Bigger Nuisance
Two Stroke Rickshaws are major source of
Vehicular Air Pollution
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Transport Policy Motorcycle and Auto- Rickshaws
are the most Polluting and Unsafe
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More Traffic on the Roads and still NO PLANNING
OR PROPER POLICY
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Two Stroke Vehicles

• Major source of Vehicular Air Pollution
• No Policy to check the emission of Two stroke
  vehicles
• No equipment for the annual passing of the two
  stroke vehicles
• No investment has gone into the fresh research of
  the two stroke manufacturers
• Local Manufacturers of Two stroke rickshaws rely
  on old and obsolete technology.

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Policy for Aging Vehicles

• No clear cut policy for the elimination of aging
  transport
• Commuter Wagons and Buses over 20 years are still
  plying on the city roads

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Vehicle Inspection and Maintenance Programs

• Vehicles still dont meet environmental standards
  even in the presence of Motor Vehicle Examiners
  (MVEs).
• No update of the knowledge
• Lack of Vehicle Emission Testing Equipment

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Increase in Vehicles

• On average 10,000 vehicles are being registered
• every Month
• Leasing Companies and Banks have played a major
• role in the un-precedented increase in the
  vehicles

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Urbanization of the City

• No Master Plan of the City in place.
• Lack of land use planning leading to Haphazard
  urbanization
• No Environmental Impacts Assessment for any
  housing scheme
• Ill- planned commercial Centers
• Non-sustainable policies

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Monument and Building Degradation
Badshahi Mosque under threat from the air
pollution
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Poor Support from the Civil Society

• There is little or no support from the NGOs or
  Private/ Civil Societies
• Public Pressure is not present
• Public interest is lacking

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Legal Problems

• Due to lack of Standards proper implementation
  under PEPA 1997 is lacking
• PEPA-1997 at this stage is not affective
• Air Quality Standards not in place
• Action is being taken under section 61 of the
  Punjab Local Government Ordinance 2001
• On few occasions cases under Pakistan Penal Code
  has also been registered with the Police.
• No legislation for Motors
• No dedicated courts

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Pakistan Environment Protection Act 1997

• The powers of the Act have not been delegated to
  the District level hence the whole procedure
  takes longer time.
• Environment Tribunal has been working but without
  the proper NEQS Rules, no case has been decided
  as yet.
• Implementation of the Act and remedial measures
  take too long.

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Punjab Local Government Ordinance 2001

• Section 61 states
• Damaging or polluting physical environment,
  inside or outside private or public premises, in
  a manner to endanger public health.
• One month imprisonment and fine of up to Rs.
  5,000 fine.
• In the last two years, fine of over Rs.3.5 lacs
  has been collected from the polluting industry.

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Implementation

• Getting any Environmental law implemented is the
  major hurdle for any remedial measures
• In the absence of the Magistracy, Police has to
  play a role of implementation agency
• BUT
• No commitment has yet been shown by the police in
  any environmental field

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Budgetary Priorities

• Very less priority is given to the Environmental
  field in the financial sector
• Few environment related projects are given funds

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Promotion of CNG

• Over 85 stations have been given NOC in the last
  three years
• CNG is in demand due to economic benefits.
• Lack of policy guidelines from the Government.

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City Governments Response to the Problems-
Steps Taken

• Road Infrastructure
• Introduction of Urban Franchised System
• Raids at petrol Stations to check adulteration of
  both Oil and Petrol.
• Periodic Campaigns against smoke emitting
  vehicles
• Setting deadline for the banning of manufacturing
  of Two Stroke

TOWN HALL
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Way Forward

• Installation of Air Monitoring Station
• Air Quality Standards to be prescribed
• Monitoring on regular basis
• Proper Land use planning
• Sustainable Urban Transport Planning
• Stringent environmental Law to be promulgated
• Dedicated staff and Courts for deterring the
  punishments and Fines.

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contd.

• VEHICLES
• Gradual induction of CNG buses
• No new registration of two stroke engine vehicles
• Roadworthy certificate mandatory for all vehicles
• Stringent actions against smoke emitting vehicles
  
• Introduction of FOUR stroke three wheelers
• FUELS
• Fuel Quality monitoring/ surveillance
• Regular and stringent checking of petrol pumps
  for adulteration.
• Campaign to promote CNG as an environmental
  friendly fuel
• Introduction of low sulphur diesel.

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Way Forward

• IMPROVED INFRASTRUCTURE
• Better network of roads and maintenance of
  damaged and unpaved roads
• Improvement in existing traffic engineering and
  planning
• Plantation of trees and green belts
• Public Private Partnership in Air Quality
  Management
• Health Impact Studies
• Comprehensive source apportionment studies
• Strengthening technical and institutional
  capacity
• Strengthening Air Quality Monitoring, Data
  Management and Analysis
• Improve understanding of Emission Sources.
• Proper Legislation/ rules and Standards.

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CAMPAIGNS FOR A GREENER LAHORE

• Strict action against the burning of the Solid
  Waste
• Strict action against Smoke Emitting Vehicles
• Strict action against adulteration of Mobil oil.
• Action against polluting Brick Kilns

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THANK YOU!