Similarities and Differences in

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TFIAM TFMM joint workshop on cost-effective
control of urban air pollution
Similarities and Differences in Particle
Characteristics across Europe Jean-Philippe
Putaud EC DG Joint Research Centre Institute
for Environment and Sustainability
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from TNO FEL (NL), Robles-Gonzalez et al.,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 955-958, 2000.
Aerosol optical depth at 555 nm in August 1997
measured from space
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http//air-climate.eionet.eu.int/databases/EuroAir
net/
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Dockery et al., N. Engl. J. Med. 329, 1753 (1993)

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City-specific estimates (95 CL) of relative risk
for mortality per 10 µg/m3 increase in PM10
levels.
Le Tertre et al., Risk Analysis, 25, 711-718, 2005
Relative Risk
May such differences be due to different PM
characteristics ?
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• In existing aerosol data bases
• Very few datasets incl. more than just PM mass.
  e.g. EMEP
• regard areas with high population density
• Other short- or long-term datasets
• cover various types of sites (from remote to
  kerbside)
• cannot be easily reached by users
• A European Aerosol phenomenology
• Synthetising in a single document aerosol
  datasets from various sources including PM mass
  concentrations and particle size distributions or
  chemical compositions.

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http//ccu.jrc.it/ downloaded 741 times
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• Synthesising physical and chemical aerosol
  characteristics which may be relevant to
• Aerosols and Health
• Are there differences in particle characteristics
  which may explain differences in health effects?
• Aerosols and Climate
• Particles (and ozone) are two radiative forcing
  agents
• synergies and trade-offs between climate
  change mitigation and air pollution abatement
  policies
• Aerosol Modelling
• Models need testing and validation against
  fundamental data such as aerosol particle size
  distributions and chemical compositions.

E
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34 sites
natural rural near-city urban
kerbside
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• PM mass concentration annual statistics

natural rural near-city
urban kerbside
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PM2.5/PM10 ratios range from 0.57 to 0.85.
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Median number size distribution in summer during
the morning, afternoon and night periods
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lt


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Any relationship between PM mass and particle
number concentrations ?
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PM2.5 annual average chemical composition
natural rural near-city urban
kerbside
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PMcoarse annual average chemical composition
natural rural near-city urban
kerbside
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• Some conclusions
• At a given site PM10 and PM2.5 are well
  correlated
• but PM2.5 / PM10 ranges from 0.55 to 0.85
• NO useful correlation between PM mass and
  particle number concentrations
• same PM2.5 ? particle number twice larger
• same particle number ? PM2.5 three times larger
• PM chemical composition quite similar across
  Europe
• More differences between background and kerbside
  sites Secondary inorganics and POM vs. POM and
  dust (PM10)
• POM and EC (PM2.5)

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• Some comments
• Lots of relevant data sets are not included in
  this compilation
• The lack of harmonisation in sampling and
  analytical techniques makes comparisons between
  sites difficult.

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Perspective A European aerosol phenomenology
stage 2

• Make use of the COST633 action structure to
• more systematically compile the existing aerosol
  data
• assess comparability of various analytical
  methods
• Make the existing aerosol data available to a
  larger community through the WDCA

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• Among 18 2 parties
• 1. metadata have been provided by
• GR, SI, AT, FI, ES, PT and HU (7) comprehensive
• UK, DE, CZ, IT, FR and IS (5) partial
  information
• 2. data have been reported by
• AU, HU, GR, UK, DK, ES, FI, NL, NO, SI, and JRC
  (91)

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Final statements

• Avoid wasting money for decreasing PM mass
  without effects on health impact
• Integrated assessment exercises are generally
  limited by data availability
• A consistent (temporal and spatial) monitoring
  effort is needed
• There is already a huge amount of data available
  across Europe but a lack of reporting to
  accessible data banks
• Attempts (COST Action 633 TFMM PM assessment
  report) going on

THANKS !
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Supplementary material
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Transboundary Particulate Matter in Europe
Status Report 2005
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Variations in PM10 and PM10 components
(µg/m³) over 20 years at IT04 (Ispra)
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natural and rural background
kerbside
near-city and urban background