Hydrogen Membrane reactors for pre combustion CO2 capture

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Hydrogen Membrane reactors for pre combustion
CO2 capture
1st CACHET Workshop 24th April 2007

• Daniel Jansen
• Energy research Centre of The Netherlands
• Jansen_at_ECN.NL

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Outline

• Part one
• Membrane reactor concept for pre combustion CO2
  capture
• CACHET work package SP1-WP3
• Part two
• Membrane developments in CACHET
• SINTEF
• DICP

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Outline Part one

• Membrane reactor concept CO2 capture
• Principle membrane reactors
• Why
• Advantages Disadvantage
• Conceptual process design
• CACHET work package SP1-WP3
• Objective
• Approach in the membrane reactor development
• General results

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PrincipleH2 Membrane Reactors

• Parallel reaction and H2 removal (for both WGS
  and SMR)
• Shift equilibrium towards high conversions
• WGS reaction and separation at increased
  temperature (compare conventional WGS and
  Selexol)
• Reaction at decreased temperature (compare
  SMR)

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Membrane Reactors Reactor modelling
equilibrium reactions
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Membrane ReactorsWhy do we want such technology?

• Advantages
• integration of process steps thus
• lower temperatures
• high product yield
• energy savings
• cheaper construction materials
• compactness
• Disadvantages
• not yet proven technology
• complex unit operation
• less degree of freedom in design

Concept WGSMR for 1000 MWe IGCC ICCMR1, 1994 Lyon
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H2-Membarne Reactor in large scale power
generation
Conventional CO2 capture in NGCC 16 to 20
increase in energy consumption per kWh!

• New process with H2-MR
• CO2 capture cost can be reduced with 50
• Efficiency 48-50
• Optimisations needed

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H2-Membrane Reactor Conceptual process design

• Points of interest
• Thermodynamic calculations
• Efficiency
• Amount of CO2 captured
• Shift membrane reactor vs. reformer membrane
  reactor
• Retentate clean-up options
• Economic evaluation

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Objectives SP1-WP3

• The objective is to develop, and evaluate the
  potential of H2 membrane reactors using Pd-based
  membrane technology for CO2 capture in NGCC for
  power generation.
• This will involve
• H2 membrane research and development for both WGS
  and reforming
• H2 Membrane performance testing
• Membrane reactor design for both WGS and
  reforming
• Bench scale membrane reactor testing
• Finally techno economic assessments will be
  executed to produce overall costs for pre
  combustion CO2 capture in NGCC power plants.

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Approach Membrane reactor development
Approach in tasks
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Approach Membrane reactor development
Operational approach
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Results System assessments

• Preliminary performance criteria for the H2
  membrane reactor and
• the membranes
• Current capture costs are in the range of 40 60
  /tCO2
• Investments costs for the capture system
• Efficiency reduction due to CO2 capture
• CACHET targets 20 30 /tCO2 avoided _at_ 90
  capture rate
• How to reach this CACHET target?
• Lower investment costs for the capture system
• Lower efficiency penalty for the CO2 capture
• What does this mean for the membranes in terms
  of
• Costs, flux, permeance, life time etc.

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Results System assessments
Calculation of the allowable installed investment
cost or CO2 capture plant Specific allowable
investment costs for capture plant 134
/kWe-output or 67 /kWth input
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Results System assessments
Allowable installed investment cost for H2
membranes in reformer or WGS reactors
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Results Membrane research and development

• Progress has been made on the manufacturing of 50
  cm long Pd membranes on porous ceramic supports
  for low temperature membrane reformer reactors (lt
  600 ?C) as well as for membrane shift reactors.

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Results Membrane research and development

• For application at intermediate temperature (350
  ?C) in membrane water gas shift reactors, 30 cm
  long Pd/alloy membranes on porous stainless steel
  (PSS) supports have been developed.

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Results Membrane research and development

• High temperature/high pressure sealing, which
  allow operation up to 700 ?C and 38 bars, has
  been developed.

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Results Membrane Testing