HISTORY OF SOUTH AFRICA

1
HISTORY OF SOUTH AFRICA
2
LANDING AT THE CAPE

• Cape Town European settlement of South Africa
  began at Cape Town
• Even today Cape Town is referred to as the
  Mother City
• It was the Dutch who recognized the economic and
  strategic importance of the Cape.
• Commissioned by the Dutch East-India Company

3

• Jan Van Riebeecks Landed on April 6th, 1652.
  Establish a strong base to provide fresh
  groceries, especially vegetables, meats, and milk
  for ships on their long journey from Europe to
  Asia.
• With rapid development of the fort the need for
  laborers increased.
• Dutch settlers arrived along with immigrants from
  all over Europe (French Huguenots 1688) followed.
• Demand for land grew, especially pasture land.
• First skirmish were with the Khoikhoi (also
  called the Hottentots) completely defeated in
  1659. Retreated north.

4
EXPANSION OF THE TREK BOERS 1720-1770

• Settling movements were led by the Trek Boers.
• White farmers who penetrated the hinterlands
  looking for grazing land for cattle.
• Preferred the unrestricted life of living on
  ox-drawn wagons and tent then to that of living
  in protected villages.
• The price they had to pay for lifestyle was
  constant armed conflict with native peoples.
• Xhosa peoples who stood up to the Trek Boers

5

• Xhosa competed for pasture land with the Trek
  Boers for their cattle.
• 1795 - Great Britain annexed the colony of the
  Cape.

6
Great Trek
7
Great Trek
8
THE GREAT TREK

• Starting in 1835, more than 10,000 Trek Boers and
  their families left the Cape Colony and headed
  north and north-east.
• Reasons for leaving discontented with the
  English colonial authorities
• Didnt provide enough protection against the
  Xhosa
• English banned slave trade.
• British further postulated the equality of whites
  and non-whites.

9

• 1833 British pass the Emancipation Act
  demanded that white slave owners set their slaves
  free for small compensation.
• Boers felt that British policy destroyed natural
  racial order which was based on racial separation
  and undermined white freedom.
• Massacred by Zulus in 1835.
• 500 Trek Boers were killed.

10

• 1838 Battle of Blood River Trek Boers defeat
  Zulus.
• Establish 2 independent states Orange Free State
  and the Transvaal.

11
Anglo-Boer War 1899-1902

• Gold discovered in the Transvaal.
• England wanted to amalgamate their own colonies
  and both the Orange Free State and the Transvaal
  into their union.
• British Premier of the Cape Colony Alfred Milner,
  with the use of armed forces succeeds in taking
  over
• Afrikaaner (Dutch descent) 52,000 soldier
• British 450,000 soldiers

12

• Boers started a guerilla war.
• British under Lord Kitchner responded with
  unequaled brutality.
• The Boer commandos were systematically hunted
  down, fields devastated, and fields burned.
• 27,000 women and children died from famine and
  disease.
• May 31st 1902, A peace contract was signed.
• Both Boer states became part of the British Crown
  Colonies.

13
APARTHEID ERA

• South African Union Act 1910
• British colony and Boer Republic united.
• Democratic state formed only white people could
  vote.
• Mines and Works Act 1911 limited black workers
  to menial work.
• Secured the availability of cheap work.

14

• Native Land Act 1913 13 of land declared
  reservation for blacks. No land outside of
  reservation could be purchased by blacks.
• 85-87 of best land went to whites.
• 1948 - Conservative government sweeps into power.
  
• National Party leader D.F. Malan coins term
  Apartheid.

15

• Apartheid deprived the right to vote and strike
• Love relationships were forbidden
• Segregation public transportation, drinking
  fountains, and toilers
• Institutes Bantu education keep black children
  at very low levels - 1 class taught dishwashing
• 1958 black reservations declared
  semi-autonomous homelands
• Government rids itself of economic and social
  problems of blacks.

16

• APARTHEID MEANS
• SEPERATNESS

17
(No Transcript)
18
(No Transcript)
19
ANC begins campaign of Civil DisobedienceLed by
Nelson Mandela
20
1955 ANC Freedom Charter

• South Africa belongs to all who live in it,
  black and white

21

• Sharpsville 1961
• 69 killed 200 wounded
• Leads to more militant movement of ANC
• Government bans ANC

22
Soweto 1976

• 600-1000 killed
• Student uprising

23
Civil Rights Leaders
Steven Biko September 1977 Dies in jail
24
Civil Rights Leaders
Bishop Desmond Tutu 1984 Nobel Peace Prize
25

• 1990 ANC unbanned
• Mandela released from prison
• 1991 remaining Apartheid laws lifted

26
Mandela elected President of South Africa