Exercise Physiology and Fitness

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Chapter 7

• Exercise Physiology and Fitness

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Exercise Physiology-Defined

• The study of the bodys responses and adaptations
  to exercise- RAPIDLY GROWING!

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History of Exercise Physiology

• Emerged in mid 1960s/70s.
• Traced roots to mid/late 1800s.
• Hitchcock, Sargent, Wood, McKenzie, and Fitz were
  instrumental in laying the foundations.

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History-Continued

• 1860s Edward Hitchcock (Amherst College) used
  anthropometrical techniques to measure changes in
  his students development after training.
• 1879-Dudley Sargent used anthropometry in his PE
  classes to investigate the effects of exercise on
  the body.

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History-Continued

• 1890s-Thomas Wood (Stanford)-developed a 4 year
  undergrad degree in physical training and
  hygiene. (Anatomy and physiology were part of
  their program)
• 1892-George Fitz (Harvard) established the first
  formal exercise physiology lab.

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History-Continued

• 1900s-James McCurdy (Springfield College)
  developed physiologic research. 1924-Physiology
  of Exercise.
• 1923- Arthur Steinhaus established an exercise
  physiology lab at Williams College in Chicago.
  1933-Chronic Effects of Exercise.

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History -Continued

• 1927-Founding of the Harvard Fatigue Lab
  established by Lawrence Henderson and GE Mayo,
  directed by Bruce Dill until 1946.
• Following WWII more colleges and universities
  began establishing Ex Phys programs.

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History - Continued

• Mid 1960s and 1970s-growth stimulated by more
  stringent teacher training and greater emphasis
  on scholarship and academic rigor. Majors were
  developed in Exercise science, Adult Fitness and
  Cardiac Rehabilitation.

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History- Continued

• 1970s-American Physiological Society recognized
  Exercise Physiology. Ex Phys became a specialty
  section.
• 1980/1990s marked an era where there was a
  greater understanding of the relationship between
  PA and health.

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Scope and Status-Areas of Study

• Effects of various exercise programs on the
  systems of the body.
• Relationship of energy metabolism to performance.
• Effectiveness of various training programs in
  promoting fitness gains.
• ETC

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Physical Fitness

• An area of study within Exercise Physiology.
• Ability of the bodys systems to function
  efficiently and effectively.
• Health Related Fitness
• Performance/Skill Related Fitness

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Health Related Fitness

• Body Composition
• Cardio respiratory Endurance
• Flexibility
• Muscular Endurance
• Muscular Strength PAGE 272

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Skill Related Fitness

• Agility
• Balance
• Coordination
• Power
• Reaction Time
• Speed

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FITT Principle

• Threshold of Training
• Target Zone
• Frequency
• Intensity
• Time
• Type

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Special Considerations for Fitness

• Environmental Conditions (heat/cold)
• Nutrition (Vitamins, minerals, water, diet)
• Ergogenic Aids (Mechanical, Psychological,
  Pharmacological, Physiological)