FISH

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FISH
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FISH
28, 000 species Diverse aquatic lifestyles Are a
grade some became amphibians
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FISH ADAPTATIONS
1) BONES JAWS 2) GILLS LUNGS 3) FINS 4)
INVADING LAND
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Smallest 8.4 mm long
Stout Infantfish
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Largest 13 metres long
Whale Shark
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CLASS SPLIT INTO3 GRADES
Jawless c. 90 Cartilaginous
c. 980 Bony gt 27,000
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Jawless Cartil. Bony
Tetrapods
Fish
time
Ribosomal RNA tree
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BONES JAWS
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CLASS SPLIT INTO3 GRADES
Jaws? Bone? Jawless X
? Cartilaginous ? ? Bony
? ?
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Jawless Cartil. Bony
Tetrapods
Fish
Bone loss
time
Jaws
Bone
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THREE STEPS
GAIN OF BONE BY EARLY VERTEBRATES GAIN OF JAWS
BY FISH REDUCED BONE IN SHARKS RELATIVES
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GAIN OF BONE BY EARLY VERTEBRATES CONODONTS
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GAIN OF BONE BY EARLY VERTEBRATES CONODONT
ANIMALS
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GAIN OF JAWS BY FISH Conodonts often look
jaw-like, but probably calcium phosphate
stores Jaws appear in fossils in step with
fins bony bits with muscles attached
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REDUCED BONE IN SHARKS, ETC. Have buoyancy
problems since have no swimbladder Partially
solved by squalene in liver
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REDUCED BONE IN SHARKS, ETC. Have buoyancy
problems since have no swimbladder Partially
solved by squalene in liver Arguably less need
of armour than most fish
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CLASS SPLIT INTO3 GRADES
Jawless c. 90 Cartilaginous
c. 980 Bony gt 27,000
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JAWLESS FISH
HAGFISH dead, dying prey LAMPREYS small
prey larger hosts
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JAWLESS FISH LAMPREY
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FINS
LIVING JAWLESS, e.g. LAMPREY ONLY ALONG BODY
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EXTINCT JAWLESS FISH
Paired Fin
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FINS
LIVING JAWED FISH HAVE PAIRED FINS
GIRDLE
SUPPORTS
FIN RAYS
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Jawless Cartil. Bony
Tetrapods
Fish
time
Paired Fins
Fins
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CARTILAGINOUS FISH
SHARKS open-water RAYS shallow
sea bed RATFISH deep sea bed
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SHARKS CARNIVORES
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SHARKS CARNIVORES
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SHARKS FILTER FEEDERS
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RAYS MOLLUSC-EATERS
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RATFISH MOLLUSC-EATERS
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BONY FISH
RAY-FINNED gt27, 000 species LOBE-FINNED 8
species
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LOBE-FINNED BONY FISH
COELACANTHS LUNGFISH
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LOBE-FINS
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LUNGFISH CANAESTIVATE
Coccoon
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RAY-FINNED BONY FISHRULE
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TOP TEN ORDERS OF RAY-FINNED BONY FISH

• EELS
• HERRINGS
• EAR-BLADDERS
• 3. TETRAS
• 4. CARP

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TOP TEN ORDERS OF RAY-FINNED BONY FISH

• SALMON
• COD

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TOP TEN ORDERS OF RAY-FINNED BONY FISH

• STIFF SPINES
• 7. KILLIFISH
• 8. MAIL-CHEEKED FISH
• PERCH
• FLATFISH

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GILLS LUNGS
Basking Shark
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GILLS LUNGS
GILLS
LUNG
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CLASS SPLIT INTO3 GRADES
Gills? Lung? Jawless ?
X Cartilaginous ? X Bony
most some
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LUNGFISHHAVE GILLS LUNGS
No change from early Bony Fish
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RAY-FINNED FISHHAVE LOST LUNGS
Gas-filled swimbladder
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COELACANTHSHAVE LOST LUNGS
Fat-filled swimbladder
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Early bony fish in freshwater
Ray-fins Sea Swimbladder
Lungfish FW Aestivation
Coelacanths Sea Swimbladder
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INVADING LAND
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MUDSKIPPERS
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European Eel
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mm
gt45
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25
15
10
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Kim Aarestrup Sarellite tags
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INVADING LANDTO GET WATER