Vertebrates

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Vertebrates
Fish
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CHORDATE Characteristics

• 1. Notochord rod shaped supporting axis below
  the nerve chord
• 2. Dorsal Hollow Nerve Chord
• 3. Pharyngeal Pouches (Gill Slits)
• 4. Post-anal Tail
• ALL are present at some stage of embryonic
  development!

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VERTEBRATE Characteristics

• 1. Vertebrae bones or cartilage that surround
  the dorsal nerve chord and form the spine
• 2. Cranium skull that protects the brain
• 3. Endoskeleton internal support composed of
  bone or cartilage

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Class Agnatha

• 63 Species
• No jaws or paired appendages, no fins
• Lampreys
• Hagfishes

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Class Chondrichthyes

• 850 Species
• Skeletons made of cartilage
• No Swim Bladder
• Internal Fertilization
• Sharks
• Skates
• Rays

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Angel Shark / Hammerhead
Basking Shark / Whale Shark
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Class Osteichthyes

• 18,000 Species of Ray-finned fishes
• Paired fins supported by bony rays
• Most have a swim bladder

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Class Osteichthyes

• 7 species of Lobe-finned Fishes
• Paired lobed fins
• Bony Skeleton
• Extinct forms are the ancestors to amphibians

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Perch Phylum Chordata

• Subphylum Vertebrata
• Class Osteichythyes - Bony Fish

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Major Characteristics

• Body Plan Vertebral Column
• Body Cavity Coelom, Tube within a tube, Bony
  Skeleton
• Symmetry Bilateral
• Cell Specialization Many Organs
• Other First Vertebrates

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Life Support Processes

• Absorption Intestine
• Feeding All feeding habits exist mostly
  carnivorous
• Digestion Pyloric Caeca pouches used for
  digestion
• Respiration Gills OPERCULUM, Countercurrent
  Flow blood oxygen flow opposite directions
• Circulation Closed system, 2 chambered heart,
  Sinus venosus collects blood

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Life Support Processes

• Excretion Gills, Kidney - excrete liquid waste
  regulates osmotic pressure
• Secretion Gall Bladder Liver Bile, Pyloric
  Caeca enzymes, stomach, pancreas
• Response Brain, well developed senses (Smell
  first then vision)
• Movement Fins, undulating muscles that move
  back and forth Swim Bladder gas filled sac
  used to control buoyancy

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Life Support Processes

• Reproduction Lay eggs Oviparous (Spawning)
  Mostly external, few internal fertilization
• Support Bony skeleton, Swim Bladder adjust
  overall density

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Ecological Relationships

• All feeding habits
• Aquatic
• Freshwater - different adaptations
• Marine

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Body Systems Compared With Humans

• Kidney
• Gills are equivalent to air breathing lungs
• Backbone
• Limb bone structure

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Advancements Over the Previous Phylum

• Divided brain
• Kidney
• Vertebral Column

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Fantastic Fishes!

• The largest freshwater fish is the Giant Catfish
  found in China. It can reach a size of 10 ft.
  long and weigh over 550 lbs.!
• The largest sea fish is the rare plankton-feeding
  whale shark. The largest on record measured over
  42 ft. long and weighed an estimated 33,600 lbs.!

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Fantastic Fishes!

• The fastest fish is the Sailfish which can reach
  speeds of over 60 m.p.h. !

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