Wheels, Deals and Automobiles: The Industrial Revolution

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Wheels, Deals and Automobiles The Industrial
Revolution

• World History B Seminar 4

Warm Up Define 1.Urbanization 2. Capitalism
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Definitions

• Urbanization
• Urbanization Movement of people from rural
  areas to cities.
• Capitalism
• Economic system in which the means of production
  are privately owned and operated for profit.

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Traditional Farming Methods

• List all of the MACHINES in the picture.
• How many POWER SOURCES are in the picture?
• What SOCIAL CLASSES are represented here?
• Using the picture, write a sentence describing
  life before industrialization.

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Industrialization

• The golf links lie so near the mill
• That almost every day
• The laboring children can look out
• And see the men at play.
• (Sara Cleghorn)

• What does the quotation mean?
• Does it apply to today? How?

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How did the world go from this?
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To this?
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Revolution in TechnologyA Pattern that Repeats?

• Watch the video Technology Transforms an Age,
  and answer the following questions.
• Explain the needs that led to the spread of the
  steam engine in 18th and 19th century Europe.
• For what purposes was the steam engine used
  during the Industrial Revolution?
• How did the Industrial Revolution change the way
  many people lived and worked?

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A New Agricultural Revolutionpage 499 - 500
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A New Agricultural Revolutionpage 499 - 500
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A New Agricultural Revolutionpage 499 - 500
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A New Agricultural Revolutionpage 499 - 500
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James Watts Steam Engine World Changing
Invention

• James Watt's improvements in 1769 and 1784 to
  the steam engine converted a machine of limited
  use, to one of efficiency and many applications.

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James Watts Steam Engine World Changing
Invention

• Watts improved steam engine was the foremost
  energy source in the emerging Industrial
  Revolution, and greatly multiplied its productive
  capacity.

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James Watts Steam Engine World Changing
Invention

• Watt was a creative genius who radically
  transformed the world from an agricultural
  society into an industrial one. Through Watts
  invention of the first practical steam engine,
  our modern world eventually moved from a 90
  rural basis to a 90 urban basis.

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James Watts Steam Engine World Changing
Invention

• Improved steam engines led to improved systems
  for transporting people and factory goods.

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Urbanization

• In the mid 1700s, more than half the population
  of Britain lived and worked on farms.
• Between 1750 and 1851, displaced farming families
  moved to the cities to work in the new factories.

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Urban Living Conditions

• Factory owners rushed to build housing
• Back to back row houses
• Several people in very small spaces
• Poor sanitation
• High disease rates
• Crime
• Massive pollution

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Urban Living Conditions
Average Age at Death for Different Classes
Rutland agricultural area in central England
Other locations major industrial centers
Truro tin mining center
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Working Conditions and Wages

• Common working day 12 14 hours
• One short break for lunch
• Work week 6 days per week
• 80 degree heat
• Workers were beaten if they did not perform well.
• Hot, polluted factory air.
• Workers risked losing limbs from the machines.
• Low wages.

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Child Labor

• Children shifted from farm work to factory work.
• 12 14 hour days
• 6 day weeks
• Lower wages than adults.
• Began at age 5.
• Mining work deformed bodies.

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Child Labor

• As concerns about the welfare of children rose in
  mid 1800s, Parliament held investigations into
  working conditions.
• New laws and new labor unions improved conditions.

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Economists of the Industrial Revolution page 510

• Adam Smith advocated laissez- faire economics.
  No government regulation of business. A free
  market will produce more goods at lower prices,
  making them affordable by everyone. The basis of
  Capitalism.
• Thomas Malthus Population will outpace the food
  supply
• David Ricardo Poor having too many children,
  thus leading to a high labor supply and lower
  wages.

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Reformers

• Jeremy Bentham utilitarianism greatest
  happiness for the greatest number.
• John Stuart Mill advocated government help for
  the poor and giving the vote to workers and
  women.
• Robert Owen actually built a factory based on
  the idea that an employer could offer decent
  living and working conditions and still make a
  profit.

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Karl Marx

• Scientific socialism
• Economics really a struggle between the haves
  (upper class and merchants) and the have nots
  (proletariat working class.)
• Advocated a workers revolution to replace
  private ownership of property with cooperative
  ownership.
• Led to system of Communism.

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Debriefing Rock, Paper, Scissors

• How did you feel at the start of the game?
• How did you feel when you ran out of paper clips
  and had to quit the game? Explain.
• What tactics could you have used to get back into
  the game? Why didnt you try those tactics?
• Do you think this game was fair? Why or why not?
  
• Now that the game is over, what action could the
  teacher take, if any to make the game fair?
  Should the teacher take such an action? Why or
  why not?

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The Industrial Revolution
Economic Effects
Social Effects

• New inventions and development of factories
• Rapidly growing industry in the 1800s
• Increased production and higher demand for raw
  materials
• Growth of worldwide trade
• Population explosion and a large labor force
• Exploitation of mineral resources
• Highly developed banking and investment system
• Advances in transportation, agriculture, and
  communication

• Long hours worked by children in factories
• Increase in population of cities
• Poor city planning
• Loss of family stability
• Expansion of middle class
• Harsh conditions for laborers
• Workers progress vs. laissez-faire economic
  attitudes
• Improved standard of living
• Creation of new jobs
• Encouragement of technological progress

Political Effects

• Child labor laws to end abuses
• Reformers urging equal distribution of wealth
  (i.e. Karl Marx)
• Trade unions
• Social reform movements, such as utilitarianism,
  utopianism, socialism, and Marxism
• Reform bills in Parliament