Natural Resource and waste management ppt

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Natural Resources

• Md. Shamsul Arefin
• JS
• Ministry of Public Administration
• Government of Bangladesh

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Map of Bangladesh
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• GEOGRAPHY
• Bangladesh is a low-lying, riparian country
  located in South Asia with a largely marshy
  jungle coastline of 710 kilometers on the
  northern littoral of the Bay of Bengal.
• Formed by a deltaic plain at the confluence of
  the Ganges (Padma), Brahmaputra (Jamuna), and
  Meghna Rivers and their tributaries, Bangladesh's
  alluvial soil is highly fertile but vulnerable to
  flood and drought.
• Hills rise above the plain only in the
  Chittagong Hill Tracts in the far southeast and
  the Sylhet division in the northeast.
• Bangladesh has a subtropical monsoonal climate
  characterized by heavy seasonal rainfall,
  moderately warm temperatures, and high humidity.

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In this activity you will

• Learn to define a natural resource.
• Learn the different natural resources in
  Bangladesh.

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What is a natural resource?

• Any form of energy which can be used by humans.
• Those things that people come in contact with
  that may be used to perform any useful function.
• Objects, materials, creatures, or energy found in
  nature that can be put to use by humans.

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Natural Resources

• Natural resources are things that are found in
  nature that are useful to people.

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Natural Resources

• We need natural resources to live. Natural
  resources are things that people and animal cant
  live without.

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Natural Resources

• Water is a natural resource. We can not live
  without it!

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Natural Resources

• Other natural resources are plants and soil.

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Natural Resources

• Animals and fish are also natural resources.

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Natural Resources

• Some natural resources like oil and gas or coal
  will be finished if we are not careful.

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Natural Resources

• Natural resources can be made into things we use.

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Water Resources

• 1. Earth is 70 water, how much is useable?

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Forests
A forest is any area with a lot of trees. There
are forests all over the world. The type of
forest varies depending on the location of the
forest for example, there are tropical rain
forests, coniferous forests, and deciduous
forests.
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Forests
Forests occur naturally, but they can be affected
positively and negatively by human behavior. If a
forest is carefully replanted and allowed to
grow, it can exist in balance. If the forest is
cut down faster than it can grow back, then it
will be used up quickly.
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Forests
Forests serve as home to many of the organisms
that live on the land. Forests are also very
important because they are major contributors to
recycling and cleaning the world supply of
oxygen. Forests also provide wood, which is
useful both as a construction material and as a
fuel source.
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Fossil Fuels
Fossil fuels take millions of years to form.
They are the product of the fossilized remains of
dead plants and animals that have been exposed to
the heat and pressure deep within the earths
crust. There are many types of fossil fuels, such
as petroleum (gasoline), natural gas, and coal.
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Fossil Fuels
Fossil fuels are arguably one of the most
valuable natural resources in modern times. It is
estimated that 86 percent of the worlds energy
comes directly from burning fossil fuels. Fossil
fuels are the source of energy for almost every
machine, including the generators that produce
electric energy.
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Fossil Fuels
Because fossil fuels take so long to form, they
are being consumed faster than they can be
produced. Fossil fuels are a major contributor to
air pollution because when they are burned they
release many dangerous gases such as nitrogen
dioxide, methane, and carbon dioxide.
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Solar Energy
The sun is the closest star to Earth. It brings
heat and light to the world. Some areas of the
world, such as those closest to the equator, have
more sun than others.
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Solar Energy
The sun shines naturally but it is not affected
by human activity. It cannot be used up. However,
its intensity varies with the seasons, and it is
not available at night.
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Solar Energy
The suns rays are used for energy by organisms
that undergo photosynthesis. Nearly every
organism on the planet gets energy through
photosynthesis, directly or indirectly. There are
also ways that people can utilize the energy that
the sun provides.
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Solar Energy
We can use solar power in simple (facing the sun
to get warm, using greenhouses to grow food,
etc.) and more complex (solar panels for heating)
ways.
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Wind
Wind is caused by the uneven heating of the
atmosphere. Some areas of the world, such as
costal regions, have more wind than others
because the terrain of the area is relatively
flat and has few obstacles to block the wind from
blowing.
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Wind
The wind blows naturally it is not caused by
human activity, and it cannot be used up.
The power of the wind drives sailboats. It has
been used to power windmills that grind grain.
Windmills can also use the circular movement of
the blades to turn a turbine. This is
increasingly used as a means of generating
electricity.
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Wind
Wind power does not make greenhouse gas
emissions. It does not directly cause pollution.
However, critics of wind power say a large number
of windmills could cause problems for animals,
especially migratory birds. Some people think the
windmills are unattractive.
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Other Resources

• A. Energy Sources
• 1. Most energy comes directly or indirectly from
  the sun
• 2. Wind- used to move our goods and pull water
  form the earth.
• A. Windmills
• Sailing Ships

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Other Resources

• 3.Coal
• A. Most widely distributed storehouse of the
  suns energy.
• B. First discovered in America in 1673 in
  Illinois.

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Other Resources

• B. Minerals
• 1. Most widely used are the metals
• a. Fe, Cu, Al, Mg, Pb, Zn, Sn, (Iron, Copper,
  Aluminum, Magnesium, Lead, and Tin)

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Other Resources

• 1. Forests, lakes, beaches, mountains, parks,
  animals and fish

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• What we need to do?
• Land should be reformed by proper distributive
  justice. Khas lands need to be distributed among
  landless poor. Access to land should enshrined by
  policies.
• Access to water bodies such as beel, haors, and
  baors should be guaranteed by the rural poor.
  Right to safe drinking water has to be ensured
  for the citizens. Utilization of rain water could
  be developed to stop overwhelming demand on
  ground water.
• Conservation of forest is an immediate need by
  stopping deforestation. Government has to
  activate the existing laws or to enact special
  laws for forest conservation. Plantation of
  hazardous tress for forestation is a fools
  effort. Programs have to be undertaken to plant
  eco-friendly tress forestation.

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What we need to do? 4) Government should take
necessary steps in regard to National Fisheries
Policy (1998), conserving fish breeding grounds
and habitats, especially in relation to water
management infrastructure such as flood control,
irrigation and drainage projects. 5) Government
should strictly prohibit overwhelming shrimp
culture 6) Government along with peoples
participation should revisit policies on energy
resources such as oil, gas, and coal and stop
intervention of foreign companies in this regard.
Government should also collect compensation money
from foreign companies and compensate habitants
of the project areas. 7) Government should take
immediate steps for the conservation of ecology
and bio-diversity. Environmental Conservation Act
of 1995 along with other policies that are
concern about ecology. Government should find the
local and foreign actors who violate rights and
livelihood of the marginal people. In addition,
government needs to make sure enabling atmosphere
for marginal people to get access to natural
resources
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Waste Management

• By
• Md. Shamsul Arefin
• Joint Secretary, MOPA

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What are Wastes?

• Definition of Wastes
• Substances or objects which are disposed of or
  are intended to be disposed of or are required to
  be disposed of by the provisions of the law.
• Disposal means
• Any operation which may lead to resource
  recovery, recycling, reclamation, direct re-use
  or alternative uses of things.

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Kinds of Wastes

• Solid Wastes Domestic, commercial and
  industrial wastes especially common as
  co-disposal of wastes
• Examples Plastics, foam containers, bottles,
  cans, papers, scrap iron, and other trash
• Liquid Wastes wastes in liquid form
• Examples domestic washings, chemicals, oils,
  waste water from ponds, manufacturing
  industries and other sources

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Classification of Wastes according to their
Properties

• Bio-degradable
• can be degraded (paper, wood, fruits and
  others)
• Non-biodegradable
• cannot be degraded (plastics, bottles, old
  machines,
• cans, Styrofoam containers and others)

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Classification of Wastes according totheir
Effects on Human Health and the Environment
Hazardous wastes Substances unsafe to use
commercially, industrially, agriculturally, or
economically Non-hazardous Substances safe
to use commercially, industrially,
agriculturally, or economically
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Sources of Wastes

• Households
• Commerce and Industry

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Sources of Wastes

• Agriculture
• Fisheries

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Effects of waste if not
managed wisely

• Affects our health
• Affects our socio-economic conditions
• Affects our coastal and marine environment
• Affects our climate

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Effects of Waste

• GHGs are accumulating in Earths atmosphere as a
  result of human activities, causing global mean
  surface air temperature and subsurface ocean
  temperature to rise.
• Rising global temperatures are expected to raise
  sea levels and change precipitation and other
  local climate conditions.
• Changing regional climates could alter forests,
  crop yields, and water supplies.
• This could also affect human health, animals, and
  many types of ecosystems.

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Effects of waste

• Activities that have altered the chemical
  composition of the atmosphere
• Buildup of GHGs primarily carbon dioxide (CO2)
  methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N20).
• C02 is released to the atmosphere by the burning
  of fossil fuels, wood and wood products, and
  solid waste.
• CH4 is emitted from the decomposition of organic
  wastes in landfills, the raising of livestock,
  and the production and transport of coal, natural
  gas, and oil.
• N02 is emitted during agricultural and industrial
  activities, as well as during combustion of solid
  waste and fossil fuels.

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WHAT SHOULD BE DONE

• Reduce Waste
• Improve product design to use less materials.
• Redesign packaging to eliminate excess
  material while maintaining strength.
• Work with design and implement a packaging
  return program.
• Switch to reusable transport containers.

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WHAT SHOULD BE DONE

• Reuse
• -
• - Reuse office furniture and supplies, such as
  interoffice envelopes, file folders, and paper.
• - Use durable towels, tablecloths, napkins,
  dishes, cups, and glasses.
• - Use incoming packaging materials for outgoing
  shipments.
• - Encourage employees to reuse office materials
  rather than purchase new ones.

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WHAT SHOULD BE DONE

• Preventing Waste
• - packaging waste reductions and changes in the
  manufacturing process
• - use biodegradable materials

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WHAT SHOULD BE DONE

• As a whole
• waste reduction
• segregation at source
• Composting (a mixture of decayed plants and other
  organic matter used by gardeners for enriching
  soil)
• recycling and re-use
• more efficient collection
• more environmentally sound disposal

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I hope this lecture about Waste
management will make you aware of what is
happening to our environment. Thank you for
listening!
Thats ends my presentation.