Geology 1 final presentation

1
Mars vs Earth

• Planetary showdown of the agesVolcanic style

2
Mars biography

• Mars formed 4.6 billion years ago, within the
  same time as Earths formation.
• Mars is the second smallest planet, and about
  half the size of Earth.
• Mars has the largest volcanoes of any of the
  eight planetary bodies, including their
  satellites
• It has the second highest number of volcanoes
  Venus has the most.
• Marss gravity is only 38 of Earths, which
  results in its large volcanoes

3
Mars Compared to Earth
4
Mars Composition

• Maintains similar geologically stratified levels
  as Earth, but has larger crust relative to size
• Core is mostly iron with a small amount of nickel
• Does not have tectonic plate movements, unlike
  Earth
• However, Tharsis rise (uplift bulging in western
  hemisphere) indicates that some divergence must
  have happened within the crust
• No distinct land and oceanic features instead,
  the topography varies differently

5
Topography of Mars vs Earth
6
Volcanism on Mars

• Because Mars has such large and distinct
  volcanoes, different provinces were demarcated
• Tharsis Volcanic (Western hemisphere)
• Elysium Volcanic Provinces (West of Tharsis)
• Other notable volcanoes include
• Syrtis Major
• Highland Paterae

7
Shield Volcanoes on Mars

• Olympus Mon
• The caldera
• Tharsis Ridge
• Ascaraeus Mons
• Pavonis Mons
• Arsia Mons

8
Olympus Mons

• Of all the volcanoes on Mars, the tallest volcano
  is Olympus Mons
• Located in Tharsis volcanic province (western
  hemisphere of Mars)
• Shield volcano
• 21 km high and 550 km across
• 100 times greater in volume than Earths largest
  shield volcano Mauna Loa
• Roughly the size of Missouri
• Formed from continental hotspot
• When it was active, it had spewed large amounts
  of gas into the atmosphere, inferring that Mars
  once had a thick amotsphere

9
Olympus Mons
10
Olympus Mons

• http//www.youtube.com/watch?v1BPNVtCgAbkfeature
  related
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vvvPbUVPxUusfeature
  related

11
Largest Volcanic Structure of all Planets
12
Reasons for Marss Large Volcanoes

• Volcanoes of such magnitude were able to form on
  Mars is because the hot volcanic regions in the
  mantle remained fixed relative to the surface for
  hundreds of millions of years.
• Mars no longer has active tectonic plate
  activity, which allows volcanoes to be active for
  centuries without tectonic disturbance
• Due to no movement of crustal drifting, the
  volcanic hot spot remains under the same mountain
  resulting in extremely large mountains, such as
  Olympus Mons
• Mars have deeper and larger magma chambers, due
  to having less gravitational buoyancy on magma

13
The Hotspots

• Volcanoes on Mars are much wider and taller than
  Earths, but have similar ratios of height to base
  radius

14
Tectonic Movement and formation of Volcanoes on
Mars

• Mars is a much smaller geologically active world
  than Earth
• It is less tectonically active, it does not have
  any drifting tectonic plates
• Mars does not have crustal drift, the volcanic
  hot spot remains under the same mountain
  resulting in extremely large mountains, such as
  Olympus Mons

15
Tectonic Plate Movement and Formation of
Volcanoes on Earth

• Most volcanoes form near convergent plate
  boundaries, such as the Pacific Ring of Fire (68
  of Earths Volcanoes)
• Earths hot spot theory on volcano formation
• Oceanic divergent plate boundaries
• Continental convergent plate boundaries
• Earths hotspots

16
Crustal Magnetism on Mars

• Red areas shows the North magnetic fields
• Blue areas shows the South magnetic fields

17
Citations

• Hamilton, C. (1995). Martian volcanoes. Retrieved
  from http//www.solarviews.com/eng/marsvolc.htm
• Tayfun Oner, A. (1997). Retrieved from
  http//www.solarviews.com/cap/mars/voly1.htm
• Greetings from mars. (n.d.). Retrieved from
  http//abyss.uoregon.edu/js/ast121/lectures/lec12
  .html
• Wilson, Lionel Head, James W. (1994). "Mars
  Review and Analysis of Volcanic Eruption Theory
  and Relationships to Observed Landforms". Rev.
  Geophys. 32(3) 221263
• Solomon, Sean C. Head, James W. (1982).
  "Evolution of the Tharsis Province of Mars The
  Importance of Heterogeneous Lithospheric
  Thickness and Volcanic Construction". J. Geophys.
  Res. 87 (B12) 97559774.