Test

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Chapter 2Meet the Computer
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Computer

• Hardware
• Disks, disk drives, monitors, keyboards,
  speakers, printers, mice, boards, chips, and
  computer itself

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Computer

• Software
• Programs that give instruction to the computer
• Information resources
• data manipulated by computer

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Computer

• Human input
• spectrum of human involvement including deciding
  what to input, how to be processed, evaluation of
  output, decisions about use

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Computer Misconceptions

• Computers can think.
• Computers require mathematical genius to use.
• Computers make mistakes.

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Computer Characteristics

• Remember and process details
• Calculate accurately
• Print reports
• Facilitate editing documents
• Spare users from repetitive, tedious tasks
• Are not infallible

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Computer Challenges

• Glitches
• GIGO garbage in, garbage out

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Question

• Is the following statement True or False?
• A computers software involves the programs that
  direct the computer.

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Answer

• True
• Software includes programs that give instructions
  to the computer that make the machine useful.

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Types of Computers

• Supercomputer

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Types of Computers

• Mainframes

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Types of Computers
Minicomputer System
The minicomputer was a centralized computer that served from a handful to several hundred "dumb" terminals.

• Minicomputers

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Types of Computers

• Servers

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Types of Computers

• Thin clients

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Types of Computers

• Personal/single use
• Desktops and towers

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• Laptops/notebooks
• Other mobile computers

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Batteries

• Nickel-based
• Nickel-cadmium
• Nickel-metal-hydride
• Lithium-ion
• Battery self-discharge

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Processing componentsMotherboard
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Processing components CPU/Microprocessor
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Processing components

• Bus (mode of data transportation)
• The way that data is moved from one place to
  another is via a 'bus'.
• A 'bus' is a set of wires or copper tracks that
  are built into the motherboard. 
• Cards

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Processing componentsCard
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Question

• Which of the following is the brains of the
  computer?
• Motherboard
• CPU
• Bus
• Clock speed

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Answer

• b. CPU
• The CPU is the brains of the computer,
  controlling what the computer does. The
  motherboard is the main circuit for a
  microcomputer and determines the type of computer
  and power supply that the computer can support.
  The bus is the mode of transportation for data.
  The clock speed is the processing speed of the
  computer.

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Computer and Data

• Bits amount of data of one circuit

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Computer and Data

• Bytes eight bits combined

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Computer and Data

• ASCII American Standard Code for Information
  Interchange (data exchange between computers)

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Computer and Data

• Memory
• Temporary (primary)
• Random access memory (RAM)
• Read-only memory (ROM)
• Cache (reserved section of main memory memory
  and disk caching)
• Bytes measurement of memory

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Computer and Data

• Memory (contd)
• Permanent (hard disk)
• Magnetic storage tape drive, magnetic disks
  (diskettes, hard drive), zip/jaz drives, flash
  drives
• Optical storage optical disks (CD, DVD)

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Computer and Data

• Impermanence of storage media
• Permanent destruction of data on disks
• Disk wiping data dump

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Peripherals

• External devices
• keyboard
• monitor
• mouse
• printers
• scanners
• digital cameras
• clinical monitors

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Peripherals

• Connection via port
• Past
• serial and parallel
• Current
• USB, the standard
• Firewire
• (Macintosh computers only)
• Infrared port

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Ergonomics
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Question

• Is the following statement True or False?
• The top of a monitor should be approximately 2 to
  3 inches below the eyes.

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Answer

• False
• To be ergonomically correct, the top of the
  monitor should be 2 to 3 inches above the eyes.

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Infection Control
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Computerese

• Booting
• Warm boot
• Restarting without turning off
• Cold boot
• Starting computer when it is off
• Bug
• Defect in the program or hardware that caused a
  problem

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Computerese

• Compatibility
• Backward compatible
• Chips and software that will were work with older
  versions of a program
• Forward compatible
• Older program doesnt recognize newer versions of
  the same program

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Computerese

• Driver
• Software program that allows data to be
  transmitted between the computer and a device

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Computerese

• Hacker
• Someone who enjoys learning about computers and
  is considered an expert
• Cracker
• Someone who use the computer for evil purposes
• White hat hacker good use of computer
• Black hat hacker bad use of computer

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Computerese

• Logical/physical
• Where data is stored on the computer
• Object
• Anything a computer can manipulate

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All of us who feel only the deepest love
andaffection for the way computers have enhanced
ourlives, read on.At a recent computer expo
(COMDEX), Bill Gatesreportedly compared the
computer industry withthe auto industry and
stated, "If GM had kept upwith technology like
the computer industry has,we would all be
driving 25.00 cars that got1,000 miles to the
gallon".
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In response to Bill's comments, General
Motorsissued a press release stating If GM
haddeveloped technology like Microsoft, we
wouldall be driving cars with the
followingcharacteristics (and I just love this
part)
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1. For no reason whatsoever, your car would
crashtwice a day.2. Every time they repainted
the lines in theroad, you would have to buy a
new car.3. Occasionally your car would die on
the freewayfor no reason. You would have to pull
over to theside of the road, close all of the
windows, shutoff the car, restart it, and reopen
the windowsbefore you could continue. For some
reason youwould simply accept this.
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4. Occasionally, executing a maneuver such as
aleft turn would cause your car to shut down
andrefuse to restart, in which case you would
haveto reinstall the engine.5. Macintosh would
make a car that was powered bythe sun, was
reliable, five times as fast andtwice as easy to
drive - but would run on onlyfive percent of the
roads.
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6. The oil, water temperature, and
alternatorwarning lights would all be replaced
by a single"This Car Has Performed An Illegal
Operation"warning light.7. The airbag system
would ask "Are you sure?"before deploying.8.
Occasionally, for no reason whatsoever, yourcar
would lock you out and refuse to let you inuntil
you simultaneously lifted the door handle,turned
the key and grabbed hold of the radioantenna.
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9. Every time a new car was introduced car
buyerswould have to learn how to drive all over
againbecause none of the controls would operate
in thesame manner as the old car.10. You'd
have to press the "Start" button toturn the
engine off.
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