INTERNET

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INTERNET

• INTERNET

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CONTENTS

• Introduction to Internet
• Internet protocols
• Types of internet connections
• Operations of Internet
• Web browsers web server
• Search Engines

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Internet- An introduction

• The terms "Internet" and "World Wide Web" are
  often used in every-day speech without much
  distinction. However, the Internet and the World
  Wide Web are not one and the same. The Internet
  is a global data communications system. It is a
  hardware and software infrastructure that
  provides connectivity between computers. In
  contrast, the Web is one of the services
  communicated via the Internet. It is a collection
  of interconnected documents and other resources,
  linked by hyperlinks and URLs

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Defination

• The Internet is a global system of interconnected
  computer networks that interchange data by packet
  switching using the standardized Internet
  Protocol Suite (TCP/IP). It is a "network of
  networks" that consists of millions of private
  and public, academic, business, and government
  networks of local to global scope that are linked
  by copper wires, fiber-optic cables, wireless
  connections, and other technologies.
• The Internet carries various information
  resources and services, such as electronic mail,
  online chat, file transfer and file sharing,
  online gaming, and the inter-linked hypertext
  documents and other resources of the World Wide
  Web (WWW).

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History

• The first node to node connection, ARPANET is
  launched by ARPA (Advanced Research Projects
  Agency, U.S.A.)
• ARPANET were interconnected between UCLA and SRI
  International in Menlo Park, California, on
  October 29, 1969.
• The first TCP/IP-based wide-area network was
  operational by January 1, 1983, which is also
  know as official birth of internet..

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Continue..

• Commercial uses of network started in year 1988.
• Commercial electronic e-mail services such as
  OnTyme, Telemail and Compuserve were used.
• Educational networks, such as Telenet, Tymnet,
  Compuserve and JANET were interconnected with the
  growing Internet.

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Internet Protocols

• Communication Protocols-
• a) TCP/IP
• b) Sockets
• FRP (File retrieval protocols)
• FTP (File transfer protocols)
• Gopher
• HTTP

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Types of Internet connections

• Dial- up connections- With a dial up
• account, you use your modem to convert
  computer bits and bytes into modulated signals
  that the telephone lines can transmit. These
  signals are reeived by modem at your ISP
  demodulated into bits and bytes for their
  computers.

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Continued

• Leased line- If your computer need to be
  connected to the internet all the time, contact
  your telephone company for a leased line, the
  same type of line that large organizations use.
  

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Continued

• VSAT connection- A new development in the
  comunication satellite world is the development
  of low-cost microstations, sometimes called
  VSATs(very small aperture terminal). These tiny
  terminals have 1- meter antennas and can put out
  about 1 watt of power.

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Operations of internet

• WWW (world wide web)
• E-mail (electronic mail)
• Web Chat
• Remote access
• File sharing
• Streaming media
• Voice telephony (VoIP)
• Marketing

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World Wide Web

• The World Wide Web (commonly shortened to the
  Web) is a system of interlinked hypertext
  documents accessed via the Internet. With a Web
  browser, a user views Web pages that may contain
  text, images, videos, and other multimedia and
  navigates between them using hyperlinks. The
  World Wide Web was created in 1989 by British
  scientist Sir Tim Berners-Lee, working at the
  European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)
  in Geneva, Switzerland, and released in 1992.
  Since then, Berners-Lee has played an active role
  in guiding the development of Web standards (such
  as the markup languages in which Web pages are
  composed), and in recent years has advocated his
  vision of a Semantic Web.

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E-mail

• The concept of sending electronic text messages
  between parties in a way analogous to mailing
  letters or memos predates the creation of the
  Internet. Even today it can be important to
  distinguish between Internet and internal e-mail
  systems. Internet e-mail may travel and be stored
  unencrypted on many other networks and machines
  out of both the sender's and the recipient's
  control. During this time it is quite possible
  for the content to be read and even tampered with
  by third parties, if anyone considers it
  important enough. Purely internal or intranet
  mail systems, where the information never leaves
  the corporate or organization's network, are much
  more secure, although in any organization there
  will be IT and other personnel whose job may
  involve monitoring, and occasionally accessing,
  the e-mail of other employees not addressed to
  them.

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Chat

• There are many live sites on the web. There are
  hundreds of sites denoted exclusively to chat and
  many sites offer areas as an additional features
  some sites provides links to hundreds of chat
  servers. A seasoned IRC used may find the
  web based chat rather slow and cumbersome
  compared to a session from an IRC client. Many
  web chat sites do not show new messages
  automatically and often you need to scroll

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Chat continued

• Through several screens to pick up the thread of
  a conversation, making it a very difficult task.
• on the other hand , a web based chat
  is usually more colorful than the IRC on some
  sites you can include images with your
  messages. Some of the places on the web ,
  where you can do chat online are given below,
  most of the services are free but you should
  register before you start chating
• www.gmail.com\chat
• www.ymail.com\masenger

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Remote access

• In telecommunication, the term remote access has
  the following meanings
• Pertaining to communication with a data
  processing facility from a remote location or
  facility through a data link. One of the more
  common methods of providing this type of remote
  access is using a VPN.
• Remote desktop software
• A PABX service feature that allows a user at a
  remote location to access by telephone PABX
  features, such as access to Wide Area Telephone
  Service (WATS) lines.
• Remote Access is also the name of a DOS-based BBS
  software.

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File Sharing

• File sharing refers to the providing and
  receiving of digital files over a network,
  usually following the peer-to-peer (P2P) model,
  where the files are stored on and served by
  personal computers of the users. Most people who
  engage in file sharing on the Internet both
  provide (upload) files and receive files
  (download).
• P2P file sharing is distinct from file trading in
  that downloading files from a P2P network does
  not require uploading, although some networks
  either provide incentives for uploading such as
  credits or force the sharing of files being
  currently downloaded.

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Streaming media

• Many existing radio and television broadcasters
  provide Internet "feeds" of their live audio and
  video streams (for example, the BBC). They may
  also allow time-shift viewing or listening such
  as Preview, Classic Clips and Listen Again
  features. These providers have been joined by a
  range of pure Internet "broadcasters" who never
  had on-air licenses. This means that an
  Internet-connected device, such as a computer or
  something more specific, can be used to access
  on-line media in much the same way as was
  previously possible only with a television or
  radio receiver.

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Voice Telephony

• VoIP stands for Voice over IP, where IP refers to
  the Internet Protocol that underlies all Internet
  communication. This phenomenon began as an
  optional two-way voice extension to some of the
  instant messaging systems that took off around
  the year 2000. In recent years many VoIP systems
  have become as easy to use and as convenient as a
  normal telephone. The benefit is that, as the
  Internet carries the actual voice traffic, VoIP
  can be free or cost much less than a normal
  telephone call, especially over long distances
  and especially for those with always-on Internet
  connections like cable.

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Marketing

• The Internet has also become a large market for
  companies some of the biggest companies today
  have grown by taking advantage of the efficient
  nature of low-cost advertising and commerce
  through the Internet, also known as e-commerce.
  It is the fastest way to spread information to a
  vast number of people simultaneously. The
  Internet has also subsequently revolutionized
  shoppingfor example a person can order a CD
  online and receive it in the mail within a couple
  of days, or download it directly in some cases.
  The Internet has also greatly facilitated
  personalized marketing which allows a company to
  market a product to a specific person or a
  specific group of people more so than any other
  advertising medium.

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Continued

• Examples of personalized marketing include online
  communities such as MySpace, Friendster, Orkut,
  Facebook and others which thousands of Internet
  users join to advertise themselves and make
  friends online. Many of these users are young
  teens and adolescents ranging from 13 to 25 years
  old. In turn, when they advertise themselves they
  advertise interests and hobbies, which online
  marketing companies can use as information as to
  what those users will purchase online, and
  advertise their own companies' products to those
  users.

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Web server

• The term web server can mean one of two things
• A computer program that is responsible for
  accepting HTTP requests from web clients, which
  are known as web browsers, and serving them HTTP
  responses along with optional data contents,
  which usually are web pages such as HTML
  documents and linked objects (images, etc.).
• A computer that runs a computer program as
  described above.

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Web browsers

• Microsoft Internet Explorer
• Internet Explorer holds the lion's share of the
  browser usage today, but it came into the game
  later than its main competitor.
• Microsoft has met with a good deal of criticism
  in recent years concerning Internet Explorer
  because of its alleged intent to make IE an
  integral and necessary element of the Windows
  operating system. Competitors complained that
  Microsoft tries to lock them out of the market by
  making IE the only Web browser effectively usable
  by the Windows system.

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Continue.

• Netscape
• Netscape was one of the first commercial browsers
  on the scene and dominated the browser market
  until Microsoft got serious about Internet
  Explorer. There are some Internet users who are
  fiercely loyal to Netscape and there are sites on
  the Web that are best viewed using Netscape.
• In either of these browsers, if you want to save
  a Web site that you find useful and want to
  return to, try using the Favorites (MS Internet
  Explorer) or Bookmarks (Netscape) function found
  on the menu bars at the top of the browser screen

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Continue..

• Apart from IE and netscape there are some more
  web browser are in the market-
• Mozilla firefox
• Opera etc

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Search Engines

• Search engines are really just massive databases
  in which information from Internet documents are
  stored. The information in these databases is
  collected using a computer program (called a
  "spider" or a "robot") that scans the Internet
  and gathers information about individual
  documents. These special programs work
  automatically to find documents or they are asked
  by a creator of a Web site to visit the site to
  be included in a database.

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Continues..

• Examples of search engines-
• Search Engine Showdown
• Google search engine
• AltaVista search engine
• Search Directories
• Yahoo! Search Directory
• World Wide Web Virtual Library
• Open Directory

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Search engines continues

• Metasearch engines
• Metacrawler for searching the search engines
• Ixquick the world's most powerful meta search
  engine
• Dogpile, metasearch engine
• Ask.com
• Aol.com etc

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THANK YOU