hospital planning and layout

1
Location Layout Of Hospital
Submitted By Sandeep Singh 1st sem mha Guru
nanak dev university
SUBMITTED TO Dr. Shelly
2
DOES COMMUNITY NEED A HOSPITAL ?

• There are two methods to estimate the need for
  hospital in a population
• Analytical method Taking feedback and analysis
  of data collected through survey e.g.
  distributing questionnaire.
• Estimation method

3
Planning
Planning (also called forethought/forecasting) is
the process of thinking about and organizing the
activities required to achieve a desired goal.
For
4
Planning involves six Questions

1. What we expect to do?
2. Why it will be done ?
3. Where will it be done ?
4. When we expect to do it?
5. Who all are going to do it ?
6. How will it be done ?

Excellent firms dont believe in excellence
only in constant improvement and constant change
Tom Peters
5
Factors in hospital planning

• Community interest over individual interest
• Preventive services over curative services
• Services catering to the weaker sections of the
• community
• Rural over Urban
• Regionalized Planning

6
Data required in Planning the Hospital

• Geographic Data
• Morbidity Mortality Status
• Need Demand
• Details of existing Facilities
• Financial Feasibility

• Demographic Details

• Population Strength
• Sex Age Ration
• Social Status
• Educational level

7
Hospital must meet two basic fundamental needs

• Must meet the needs of the patient it is going to
• serve adequately.
• It must be in a size and proportions which the
• owners or promoters will be able to build and
• operate

8
Basic Objectives which are to be Met by the
Hospital

• Sound architectural plan
• Economic viability
• Effective community orientation
• Quality patient care

9
Principles of hospital planning-

• Protection from unwanted and unnecessary
  disturbances in order to help speedy recovery
• Separation of dissimilar activities
• Control the nurses station should be positioned
  strategically to enable proper monitoring of
  visitors entering and leaving the ward, infants
  and children should be protected from theft and
  infection etc.
• Circulation- all the departments of a hospital
  must be properly integrated.
• (separate all departments, yet keep them all
  together separate types of traffic, yet save
  steps for everybody that is all there is to
  hospital planning Emerson Goble)

10
Selection of site-

• Needs of the community
• Ease of accessibility
• Range of services offered
• Availability of specialists
• Availability of technology
• Study of existing hospital(if any)
• Requirements of staff and services

11
Bed planning-
Bed Population A x S x 100
365 x PO
A number of inpatient
admissions/1000 population/year S average length
of stay PO percentage occupancy
12
Planning of finances-

• Funds required for constructing, furnishing
• and equipping the hospital.
• Operating funds- salaries, loans and
• interest, other maintenance expenses.
• Arranging financial assistance-patient fees,
• bed charges, and other modes of revenue
• generation process.

13
(No Transcript)
14
Hospital project staging-
Stage A Functional content Outline brief Project team Assessment of functional content Submission of owners( Govt,private organization etc.)for approval Site appraisal, gross floor areas Building space. Draft master plan Estimation of cost and phasing Appraisal of work by owners
Stage B Operational policies Developmental plan Operational policies Departmental and inter related activities Departmental and hospital policies Development control plan Budget cost Continuous informal discussion with owners
15
Stage C Schedules of accommodation, sketches, Final cost estimate Schedules of accommodation Sketch drawing Equipment schedules component estimates Cost revenue and staffing estimates Final cost approval
Stage D Detail design working drawings, tender action Working drawings Engineering details Bills of quantities Calling tenders
Stage E Contract and construction Assessments of tenders Award of contract Construction Engineering commissioning
Stage F Commissioning Staff assembly and training Equipment and supplies assembly Testing of installation
16
Equipment planning-
Built in equipment These include counters and cabinets in laboratory, Pharmacy and other parts of the hospital , elevators , incinerators , coolers , fixed sterilizing equipment etc. These are usually included in the construction contract and the planning of these equipments is the architect's responsibility.
Depreciable equipment This includes equipment that has a life of five years or more and is not purchased through construction contracts. These are large pieces of furniture which have a relatively fixed location and are capable of being moved e.g., diagnostic and therapeutic equipment, laboratory instruments, office furniture etc.
17
Non depreciable equipment These are small items with a low unit cost and life span of less than five years. These are generally under the control of the store room and are bought through other than construction contracts. They include kitchen utencils,surgical instruments,linen,waste baskets etc.
18
Operation program
Admission Human resource
Administration Stores
General engineering Purchasing
Laundry Maintenance
Clinical services Waste disposal plant
Pharmacy Fire and safety
Nursing services Disaster plan
House keeping information
Records Dietary services
Public relations Clinical engineering
Employee facilities Sanitation
19
Intensive critical care unit (ICCU)-

• Should preferably be located on the ground floor
  with convenient access from the operation theatre
  suit and emergency department and easy
  accessibility for wards.
• It consists patient area, staff area, support
  area.
• Four basic requirements-
• Direct observation of the patient by nursing and
  medical staff
• Surveillance of physiological monitoring
• Provision and efficient use of routine and
  emergency diagnostic procedures and
  interventions.
• Recording and maintenance of patient information

20
Design and Layout of ICCU
Design should take into consideration the
integration and smooth functioning of three
areas 1. The Patient Area 2. The Staff
Area 3. The Support Area
Total area ranges from 350 to 500 sq. feet per
bed which includes 1. Circulation Area 2.
Nursing Station 3. Sanitary and Ancillary
Accommodation
21
(No Transcript)
22
(No Transcript)
23
Quality Quantity Temperature
Ancillary Support Services It should be
centrally air conditioned. Overall lighting
Requirement in ICCU is for subdued illumination
for the patient bed with capacity for increasing
it in case of need. Main light at the bed head
should be fitted with dimmer switch. A high
intensity emergency light or spot focusing light
should also be provided. Emergency buzzer switch
connected to central buzzer and location panel at
central nursing station. Multiple electrical
gadgets required. Stand by generator is also
required. Diagnostic Support Should have round
the clock access to Laboratory
services Radiology Imaging Physiotherapy. Equipmen
t maintenance Visitor Lounge
24
Space requirements of some basic departments-
Area Sq .ft / bed
Nursing unit 250-280
Nursery 12-18
Delivery suite 15-20
Operation theatre 30-50
Physical medicine 12-18
Radiology 25-35
Laboratory 25-35
Pharmacy 4-6
CSSD 8-25
Dietary 25-35
Medical record 8-15
25
Area Sq .ft / bed
House keeping 4-5
Laundry 12-18
Mechanical installation 50-75
Maintenance work shop 4-6
Stores 25-35
Public areas 8-10
Staff facilities 10-15
Administration 40-50
Total 567-751
Circulation 115-751
Total net area 682-891
26
Hospital Noise Control   
Hospital administrators and staff have an ongoing
concern with controlling unwanted noise in their
facilities.  Patient comfort, employee
satisfaction and environmental concerns are
always at the forefront in the continuous design
and maintenance of a wide array of systems that
keep a medical facility running efficiently.  
27
Hospital Equipment Furniture Choice

• Quantity
• Price
• Source
• Quality

28
Conclusion-

• Technology requirement must be met
• Clinical needs must be considered
• Safety is a major factor
• Standards and Guidelines are essential
• Importance of the role of Hospital Staff in
  construction and design.

29
A hospital is a living organism, made up of many
different parts , having different functions, but
all theses must be in due proportion and relation
to each other and to the environment to produce
the desired result - Dr S Billings
30
THANK YOU