Network Component Guide

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IBM
NETWORK COMPONENT GUIDE
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Computer Network
IBM
The computer network is the group of computer and
other hardware devices those are linked together
by communicating channel. These computer resource
are shared by various users. The hardware
component interconnect between various
communicating channel. One device able to send or
receive data. When more than one computer
interconnect through a communication medium and
exchange information then we called it computer
network.
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Network Component
IBM
Besides physical medium all networking operations
are needed devices those are designed to handle
certain specific function. These are often called
network equipment or component. Components
function are not necessarily handle by specific
device. Network functions also performed by
software application. For example windows XP has
built-in support for Network Bridging that handle
a bridge's functions in a home network with mixed
media.
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IBM
Network component list

• Network Adapter
• Modem
• Repeater and Bridge
• Hub and Switch
• Wireless Access Point
• Router
• Residential Gateway

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Network Adapter
Network adapter works as an interface between
different computers, devices or networks. We may
need different types of adapter according to the
type of network. It translate a computer binary
signal or message into the electrical or optical
signal across the transmission channel. Each
adapter is identified through MAC address.
Different adapter are Wi-Fi, Ethernet, IBM HBAs
etc.
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Modem
IBM
Modem means modulator and demodulators. In the
sending area modem modulates the signal into the
high frequency carrier wave. Make it prepare for
transmission. In the receiving end it demodulates
the signal. That means extract the data from
encrypted signal. It also translate digital
signal into analog and vice versa,
compression/decompression, encryption/decryption
etc. We always need modem when we connect to
internet. There are lots of modem cable modem,
ADSL and GPRS modem.
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Repeater and Bridge
IBM
Repeater It receives signal from transmitter
and amplifies it and retransmit it. When we
transmit a signal for the long distance then we
need more energy. Amount of energy is directly
proportional to the distance. So we need repeater
to decrease the energy load of signal
production. Bridge The Bridge connect to
different layer 2 protocol, like Ethernet,
HomePNA, Wi-Fi etc. It also used as split the
network into different segments.
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Network Hub
IBM
Hub It is a central connecting point in the
network. Those network use star topology Hub uses
there. A computer sends a signal to the Hub then
Hub translate it and retransmit it to other
computer in the network. It acts as a relay
station. Using Hub bandwidth capacity is shared
by all computers. Each computer use the portion
of bandwidth. It is used in the small network. In
the two computer network Hub is not required.
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Network Switch
IBM
As like Hub switch connect to the central point
to the network. When it receives a IP packet from
computer than it examines the destination address
from its header and transmit the packet to the
destination computer. Switch maintains a table
map of all ports of the computer into the
network. All switches has MAC address. Using the
switch the whole bandwidth are used, thats why
the large network use the switch instead of Hub.
In many time it is integrated with router.
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Wireless Access Point
IBM
Access point of wireless LAN (Wi-Fi) acts as a
hub or switch of the wired network. It connect
different device together and create a wireless
computer environment. It acts as a access point
of wireless to the wired network like Ethernet.
It has an interface to a broadband modem. Some
access point has multi function device that
incorporate functions like bridge, router and
modem. It is also known as base station.
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Router
IBM
Router forwards packets across different
networks. Routing table contain IP address of
other network router. In the static router the
cable is configured manually but dynamic router
automatically configured its routing table. At
the time of receiving the packet router examine
its destination IP address and send it. Router
selects the most optimum or best path to deliver
packet. It is selected by using the routing
algorithm. There are different types of router
these are edge, core, backbone router etc.
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Residential Gateway
IBM
It is a type of router, it is configured to
enable the sharing the single internet connection
by multiple users. When you buy or install
residential gateway then it incorporates other
function like hub, switch, wireless access point.
In the residential gateway you dont need to
manually set the IP address.
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Gateway
IBM
It connect to different networks and to form a
single network. Like network A and B. Through
gateway we connect two different network.
Computer in network A can exchange information
with a computer in the network B. It also perform
protocol translation. It is consider the layer 7
in the OSI model. So it is in the application
layer. But it can perform across seven layers.

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