Review for test 1 2002

1
Review for test 1 2002
2
Biologic substrates

• compare the aphasias, aprosodias, agnosias, and
  apraxias.
• describe the frontal lobe syndromes.
• describe the Wernicke-Geschwind model of
  functional cortical anatomy.
• compare the information processing by the left
  and right hemispheres and role of corpus callosum
• describe the parietal lobe (Gerstmanns) and
  temporal lobe findings (Kluver Bucy)

3
Subcortical

• describe the three functions of the hypothalamus
• describe major components of the limbic system
• describe the role of peptide neurotransmitters on
  behavior
• describe the neuroendocrine influences on
  behavior
• describe the common neuroendocrine tests used in
  studying abnormal behavior
• compare and contrast the effects of irritative
  and destructive lesions on the ventromedial,
  lateral, anterior and posterior hypothalamus.
• to describe the major components of the reward
  and reinforcement system as described in the
  syllabus.

4
Synaptic Biology

• Role of calcium in NT release
• Ligand gated channels vs transmembrane
• NMDA and magnesium
• Regulation of peptides vs small molecular weight
  NT
• Second messenger systems

5
Neurotransmitter systems

• categories of neurotransmitters and their
  synthetic pathways
• monoamine and amino acid NT metabolism, metabolic
  products
• anatomic projections of the monoamine nuclie
• Marker enzymes and locations
• Effects on prolactin

6
Sleep

• Rhythms vocabulary
• EEG markers for sleep stages (esp stage 2) and
  sleep architecture
• Pacemaker
• Melatonin and light
• REM and the brainstem nulcie, PPN and LC

7
Memory

• Procedural vs declarative
• Verbal vs visual
• Anterograde vs retrograde
• Anatomic relationships
• Converging vs reverberating circuits
• Kandel and memory (aplysia)

8
Stress

• Acute and chronic markers
• DST
• Effect of cortisol on insulin response

9
Animal models

• Geller
• Depression models
• Psychosis models
• Aplysia
• Validity
• Kindling and relation to seizures
• Effects of antidepressant treatments

10
Genetics

• Endophenotypic expression
• PKU, HD, trisomy 21, LN syndrome
• Adoption study methods

11
Neurobiology of aging

• Effect of normal aging on major neurotransmitter
  systems and receptors

12
Development

• Motor and developmental milestones
• Piaget
• Markers for specific periods
• Erikson-struggles
• Temperament
• Adolescent turmoil, dysfunction

13
Family

• Domestic violence stats
• Reportability of domestic violence / abuse
• Divorce

14
Adult development

• Struggles
• Divorce
• Sexuality in elderly

15
Learning

• Classical vs operant
• Fixed and variable reinforcement
• Premacks principle and extinction
• Positive and negative reinforcement
• Conditioned and unconditioned stimuli

16
Medical sociology

• Describe the basis for cultural and social
  influences on health and disease
• Define culture, society, enculturation, cultural
  relativism, ethnocentrism, cultural competency,
  world view. What are common cultural symbols.
• What is the importance of subcultural variations
  for the physician?

17
Medical sociology

• Give an example of the three basic types of
  health beliefs / systems
• Western, magical, supernatural?
• What is curanderismo? Describe the Melbourne
  Cancer study, Duke-piedmont study, isreali study
  of Kibbutz
• Describe Whitigo, koro, kuru, latah, piblokto,
  amok, and mal de ojo / susto
• What is the best predictor for poor health? What
  effects life expectancy the most? What effect
  does SES have on breast cancer, iatrogenic
  illness?

18
Medical economics

• What is meant by price elasticity? Describe the
  RAND study. What is the moral hazard for
  physicians? Patients?
• Describe market distortions and how they
  influence the free market? How did ERISA distort
  the medical market?
• What is meant by insurance ratings?
• What is HCFA? What do they do? What are DRGs?
  What percentage of our GDP is spent on health
  care? How many people do not have insurance at
  last count?

19
Medical economics

• Which country spends the greatest percentage of
  GDP on healthcare? Which spends the least?
• Which country has the longest life expectancy?
  Which has the shortest?
• Which country has the greatest infant mortality
  rates? Which has the least?
• What is the trend in spending for health care in
  the US?
• What happens to healthcare expenditures when the
  number of providers goes up in a community?