Heat Exposure Stress and Electrolyte Replenishment with elete Electrolytes

1
Heat Exposure Stress and Electrolyte
Replenishment with elete Electrolytes

• elete Electrolyte Add-In, a division of Mineral
  Resources International, Inc.
• 1990 West 3300 South
• Ogden, UT 84401
• 801.731.7040
• 801.731.7985 fax
• www.eletewater.com

2
Overview

• Heat Stress Defined
• Symptoms of Heat Stress
• The Causes of Heat Stress
• Limitations of Sports Drinks
• Preventing Heat-Related Health Disorders with
  elete Electrolyte Add-In
• Limitations of Sports Drinks
• Advantages of elete Electrolytes
• Comparing elete with Other Electrolyte-Replacement
  Products
• Further Risk-Reduction Strategies

3
What is Heat Stress?

• The human body attempts to maintain an internal
  temperature of 37 Celsius
• Hot weather, physical labor, other heat sources
  can raise the bodys temperature, which the body
  will attempt to reduce by pumping blood to the
  skins surface.
• The body will also try to lower its temperature
  through sweat, i.e., water and minerals excreted
  through the skin, which are then evaporated to
  aid cooling.
• The adverse effects of heat stress can range from
  mild to life-threatening.

4
Symptoms of Heat Stress

• During physical labor, a body can lose 1-2 litres
  of water/hour.
• After 2-3 hours of fluid loss, a person can
  experience the following adverse effects
• Loss of energy/endurance
• Physical discomfort
• Feeling hot
• Thirsty

• After 3 hours of exposure
• Muscle cramps fatigue
• Headaches
• Physical weakness
• Loss of dexterity
• Reduced alertness
• Nausea
• Seizures
• After 3-6 hours, heat cramps, heat exhaustion
  sets in. Heat exhaustion leads to heat stroke (an
  internal body temperature of 40 Celsius or
  more), which is life-threatening and must be
  treated by trained medical professionals.

5
Symptoms of Heat Stress

• Heat Rash
• Red, blister-like lesions
• Itching
• Heat Cramps
• Excruciating muscle cramps and spasms

• Heat Exhaustion
• Headaches,dizziness, weakness, nausea, vomiting,
  extreme sweating, dark-colored urine, pale,
  clammy skin
• Heat Stroke
• Nausea and vomiting, hot, red skin (sunburn),
  irritability, confusion, seizures, collapse,
  unresponsive, high body temperature

6
Causes of Heat Stress

• Environmental Factors (temperature, direct sun,
  heat humidity)
• The more direct sun, the greater the risk
• Low or no wind
• Hot equipment reflected heat
• Workload
• How much effort is being exerted?
• Clothing
• Heavy, multiple layers, non- breatheable, dark
  clothing k
• Personal Risk Factors
• Drug and alcohol use
• Existing medical conditions (hypertension, heart
  conditions, diabetes)
• Medications (antihistamines, blood pressure,
  heart,laxatives, mental health, seizure, thyroid)

7
The Electrolytes in Sweat

• In a six-hour period (under desert conditions),
  sweat loss (and corresponding electrolyte losses)
  can measure
• Sweat Loss 3.5 litres
• Potassium Loss 23-70mEq
• Na Loss 72-244 mEq
• During strenuous exertion, magnesium sweat losses
  can approximate between 10-25 of the daily loss.

8
The Limitations of Sports Drinks

• Sodium is not the only electrolyte lost in sweat.
  
• Makers of sports drinks assume sodium (Na) is the
  only or main electrolytes people lose
• Na is the most consumed mineral in the diet.
  Therefore, it should come as no surprise it is
  excreted more than any other electrolyte
• Na is typically cheap to add to beverages while
  other electrolytes (magnesium and potassium) are
  more expensive
• Most electrolyte-replacement drinks omit
  magnesium (Mg), an essential mineral that plays a
  crucial role in the body
• 80 of cell ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is
  complexed with with Mg
• Mg involved in ensuring adequate blood flow to
  muscle and organs, maintains acid-base balance,
  normalizes excitation and contraction in nerve
  and muscleincluding cardiac tissueinvolved in
  nerve conduction, muscle contraction, membrane
  transport, cell division, even the synthesis of
  DNA and RNA.
• Magnesium acts as a team captain of the
  electrolytes it keeps sodium outside the cell
  and potassium inside the cell
• Magnesium is to the muscle what calcium is to the
  bones
• Maintaining optimal magnesium balance is crucial.
  The body does not acclimatize to magnesium
  deficiency.
• Magnesium deficiency linked with heart disease,
  sudden cardiac death, insulin resistance
• Most people dont consume adequate amounts of
  magnesium from foods (Green, leafy vegetables are
  the predominant Mg-rich food source)
• Most sports drinks are laden with sugar and
  artificial preservatives. Compared to sweat, they
  still contain dilute amounts of sodium and
  potassium.
• Its a common misconception that sports drinks
  can prevent hyponatremia, diluted blood-sodium
  levels
• Consumers of sports drinks will consume
  significant amounts of sugar long before they
  receive adequate amounts of fluid and
  electrolytes
• Its not uncommon for people to complain of
  nausea, GI distress while using sports drinks

9
Limitations of Sports Drinks

• Many workers and athletes complain of
  gastrointestinal (GI) upset and nausea using
  sports drinks. Once this occurs, many will be
  reluctant to continue to drink a sports drinks in
  order to stay hydrated, prevent dehydration
  (vicious circle)
• Nausea and GI distress result in decreased
  productivity
• For workers (especially older) who might have
  specific health considerations (hypertension,
  diabetes, etc.), sports drinks high in sodium,
  sugar pose unique challenges to their health
• Overconsumption of energy-dense sports drinks can
  lead to substantial weight gain in workers
• In providing sports drinks to its workers, many
  workers have to be trained on how to overcome
  problems such as strong distaste of the drinks,
  mouthfeel (gagging), and GI distress assoc. with
  these products (e.g., temperature)
• Sports drinks (powders) have to be dissolved and
  mixed according to manufacturers guidelines
• The problems of too dilute vs. too concentrated
• Messy
• Clean up required
• Sports drinks are linked with accelerated enamel
  erosion, dental caries, etc.

10
Preventing Heat Stroke

• Wear appropriate clothing
• Take regular breaks
• Recognize the signs of heat stress
• Drink water frequently.
• Add elete electrolytes to drinking, portable
  water to replace essential electrolytes that
  regulate fluid balance

11
Required fluid intake to maintain hydration
during work
Red indicates extreme thermal stress. Essential
maintenance and rescue work only. Orange
indicates workload exceeds TWL. Work-rest cycling
must be applied Yellow indicates high thermal
stress. No worker to work alone Green indicates
moderate thermal stress. No accimatised worker
to work alone. Blue indicates low thermal stress.
Unrestricted self-paced work.
12
What is elete?

• elete Electrolyte Add-In is a pure, liquid,
  electrolyte concentrate, which contains 4
  essential electrolytesmagnesium, potassium,
  sodium, and chlorideto support fluid balance,
  muscle function, energy production, heat
  tolerance, nerve conduction, stamina, etc.
• elete instantly infuses water with essential
  electrolytes and, when mixed as directed, adds
  minimal flavor. elete makes pure electrolyte
  water that tastes like water.
• elete provides the same amount of potassium, an
  essential mineral, as Gatorade and Powerade,
  but also provides magnesium, which is not
  typically found in electrolyte-replenishment
  drinks (sports drinks).
• elete is a must for individuals, work crews or
  anyone needed to maintain adequate hydration,
  energy, and proper muscle function under grueling
  conditions of heat stress, fluid loss, and
  exertion.

13
elete Electrolyte Add-In
14
Advantages of elete

• Balanced electrolyte profile. Four vs. two
• elete contains magnesium, the team captain of
  electrolytes, essential for energy production,
  muscle function, electrolyte control
• When mixed as directed, elete adds minimal flavor
  to water
• Very easy to mix and use.
• Clean up is easy. elete will not stain, leave a
  residue, or contribute to the growth of mold in
  coolers, hydration packs, canteens, etc.
• Very safe, Generally Recognize as Safe, a U.S.
  Food and Drug designation.
• In a published, peer-reviewed clinical study,
  those who drank plain water, drank 74 more water
  to achieve the same level of hydration as those
  who drank water with elete.
• Backed by numerous testimonials from athletes
  (professional and amateur), coaches, trainers,
  teams, workers
• Certified free of all WADA (World Anti-Doping
  Agency)-banned substances
• Manufactured at a GMP (Good Manufacturing
  Practices)-certified company. Certification
  provided by NSF International
• Tested for potency and purity at in-house quality
  assurance laboratory and independent, third-party
  labs

15
Introducing new elete CitriLyte

• elete CitriLyte Add-In is a liquid, pure
  electrolyte concentrate that contains four
  essential electrolytessodium, potassium,
  magnesium, and chlorideplus zinc and citric acid
  (citric acid participates in the Krebs energy
  cycle or the citric acid cycle for energy
  conversion)
• CitriLyte is designed to be added to water to
  make functional electrolyte water for workers.
  When mixed, it has a slightly tart flavor almost
  as if youd added lemon to the water. When more
  CitriLyte is added, the tart flavor increases to
  compensate for the stronger electrolytes.
• Using elete CitriLyte to make electrolyte water
  will optimally hydrate workers by replacing
  fluids and electrolytes lost in sweat and during
  exertion. CitriLyte will help fight heat stress
• CitriLyte is ideal for workers who may be
  sensitive to flavor or when youre adding
  electrolytes to tap water that already has a
  noticeable taste.

16
elete CitriLyte Add-In

• No sugars, calories, carbs, artificial colors,
  flavors, etc.
• Add to water to keep workers optimally hydrated
• Will not stain, leave a color or flavor residue
  in coolers or a sticky mess to clean up
• Will not contribute to the growth of mold or
  bacteria in coolers or bottles
• May be used for workers who cannot otherwise
  tolerate sports drinks (diabetics, those with
  high blood pressure)
• Three year shelf life. Shelf-stable under the
  most vigorous temperature and environmental
  conditions
• Will not attract pests
• Better value compared to name-brand sports punch
  products
• Available in a range of product sizes to suit
  small and large work teams

17
Advantages of elete for Industrial Applications

• Natural, healthy hydration (no added sugar, no
  artificial ingredients)
• Reduce number of heat stress incidents
• Provides a better balance of electrolytes lost in
  sweat (replaces fournot two electrolytes)
• The most cost effective solution available
  GUARANTEED
• Flexible sizes from 24.6-ml to 1-gallon
• Easy to mix and use
• Because of its flexibility, workers can hydrate
  with water
• Wont cause GI distress
• Used with great success by military personnel in
  medically treating severe cases of heat stress

18
Clinically Proven to Improve Hydration

• In a peer-reviewed published study (Wild Env
  Med, 19, 172-180 (2008), people who drank water
  alone drank 74 more water than those who drank
  electrolyte water made with elete.
• In summary, the addition of an electrolyte
  mixture elete to plain water was associated
  with a decrease in overall fluid consumption of
  the water electrolyte group by 220 mL? h-1 or
  3.3 L ? d-1. John S. Cuddy, et al.
• Commenting on the study, renowned emergency
  physician and founding member of the Wilderness
  Medical Society, Paul S. Auerbach said, This
  study suggests that supplementing water with
  electrolytes might reduce the amount of fluid
  necessary to transport and consume during
  extended activity. This would minimize excessive
  weight, which in and of itself might contribute
  to a lessening of fatigue.
• Auerbach listed elete among his Top 4 Items of
  Medical Equipment, I will never travel
  anywhere that I expect to need to stay hydrated
  without bringing along elete.

19
Further Risk-Reduction Strategies (Our
Recommendations)

• Distribute pocket bottles of elete Electrolyte
  Add-In individually to workers to self-dose
  electrolytes through the work shift
• Train workers on heat stress, heat stroke, and
  general hydration strategies (both for themselves
  and co-workers) including when and how much to
  drink and how they can use elete in their water
  or beverages, food, etc.
• Use the larger, elete refill bottles to mix elete
  and make electrolyte water in all of the worker
  hydration stations, water coolers, hydration
  packs, canteens, etc. available on each job site
  and to each worker
• Designate point personnel who can supply workers
  with electrolyte water and elete electrolytes at
  strategic times and locations to ensure workers
  are receiving enough water and electrolytes
• Staff aid stations with water and elete.
  Encourage workers to lie down, rest, and drink
  water with elete.